材料的电子特性 第 3 版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

材料的电子特性 第 3 版PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

PART Ⅰ Fundamentals of Electron Theory1

CHAPTER 1 Introduction3

CHAPTER 2 The Wave-Particle Duality6

Problems13

CHAPTER 3 The Schrodinger Equation14

3.1.The Time-Independent Schrodinger Equation14

3.2.The Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equation15

3.3.Special Properties of Vibrational Problems16

Problems17

CHAPTER 4 Solution of the Schrodinger Equation for Four Specific Problems18

4.1.Free Electrons18

4.2.Electron in a Potential Well （Bound Electron）20

4.3.Finite Potential Barrier （Tunnel Effect）24

4.4.Electron in a Periodic Field of a Crystal （the Solid State）28

Problems35

CHAPTER 5 Energy Bands in Crystals36

5.1.One-Dimensional Zone Schemes36

5.2.One- and Two-Dimensional Brillouin Zones41

5.3.Three-Dimensional Brillouin Zones45

5.4.Wigner-Seitz Cells45

5.5.Translation Vectors and the Reciprocal Lattice47

5.6.Free Electron Bands52

5.7.Band Structures for Some Metals and Semiconductors55

5.8.Curves and Planes of Equal Energy58

Problems60

CHAPTER6 Electrons in a Crystal62

6.1.Fermi Energy and Fermi Surface62

6.2.Fermi Distribution Function63

6.3.Density of States64

6.4.Population Density66

6.5.Complete Density of States Function Within a Band68

6.6.Consequences of the Band Model69

6.7.Effective Mass70

6.8.Conclusion72

Problems73

Suggestions for Further Reading （Part Ⅰ）74

PART Ⅱ Electrical Properties of Materials75

CHAPTER 7 Electrical Conduction in Metals and Alloys77

7.1.Introduction77

7.2.Survey78

7.3.Conductivity—Classical Electron Theory80

7.4.Conductivity—Quantum Mechanical Considerations83

7.5.Experimental Results and Their Interpretation87

7.5.1.Pure Metals87

7.5.2.Alloys88

7.5.3.Ordering90

7.6.Superconductivity91

7.6.1.Experimental Results92

7.6.2.Theory97

7.7.Thermoelectric Phenomena100

Problems103

CHAPTER 8 Semiconductors104

8.1.Band Structure104

8.2.Intrinsic Semiconductors106

8.3.Extrinsic Semiconductors111

8.3.1.Donors and Acceptors111

8.3.2.Band Structure112

8.3.3.Temperature Dependence of the Number of Carriers113

8.3.4.Conductivity114

8.3.5.Fermi Energy115

8.4.Effective Mass115

8.5.Hall Effect116

8.6.Compound Semiconductors118

8.7.Semiconductor Devices119

8.7.1.Metal-Semiconductor Contacts119

8.7.2.Rectifying Contacts （Schottky Barrier Contacts）120

8.7.3.Ohmic Contacts （Metallizations）124

8.7.4.p-n Rectifier （Diode）125

8.7.5.Zener Diode127

8.7.6.Solar Cell （Photodiode）129

8.7.7.Avalanche Photodiode132

8.7.8.Tunnel Diode132

8.7.9.Transistors134

8.7.10.Quantum Semiconductor Devices142

8.7.11.Semiconductor Device Fabrication146

8.7.12.Digital Circuits and Memory Devices155

Problems162

CHAPTER 9 Electrical Properties of Polymers，Ceramics，Dielectrics，and Amorphous Materials166

9.1.Conducting Polymers and Organic Metals166

9.2.Ionic Conduction174

9.3.Conduction in Metal Oxides177

9.4.Amorphous Materials （Metallic Glasses）179

9.4.1.Xerography184

9.5.Dielectric Properties185

9.6.Ferroelectricity，Piezoelectricity，and Electrostriction189

Problems192

Suggestions for Further Reading （Part Ⅱ）192

PART Ⅲ Optical Properties of Materials195

CHAPTER 10 The Optical Constants197

10.1.Introduction197

10.2.Index of Refraction，n199

10.3.Damping Constant，k200

10.4.Characteristic Penetration Depth，W，and Absorbance，x203

10.5.Reflectivity，R，and Transmittance，T204

10.6.Hagen-Rubens Relation206

Problems207

CHAPTER 11 Atomistic Theory of the Optical Properties208

11.1.Survey208

11.2.Free Electrons Without Damping210

11.3.Free Electrons With Damping （Classical Free Electron Theory of Metals）214

11.4.Special Cases217

11.5.Reflectivity218

11.6.Bound Electrons （Classical Electron Theory of Dielectric Materials）219

11.7.Discussion of the Lorentz Equations for Special Cases222

11.7.1.High Frequencies222

11.7.2.Small Damping223

11.7.3：Absorption Near v 0223

11.7.4.More Than One Oscillator224

11.8.Contributions of Free Electrons and Harmonic Oscillators to the Optical Constants224

Problems225

CHAPTER 12 Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the Optical Properties227

12.1.Introduction227

12.2.Absorption of Light by Interband and Intraband Transitions227

12.3.Optical Spectra of Materials231

12.4.Dispersion231

Problems236

CHAPTER 13 Applications238

13.1.Measurement of the Optical Properties238

13.1.1.Kramers-Kronig Analysis （Dispersion Relations）239

13.1.2.Spectroscopic Ellipsometry239

13.1.3.Differential Reflectometry242

13.2.Optical Spectra of Pure Metals244

13.2.1.Reflection Spectra244

13.2.2.Plasma Oscillations249

13.3.Optical Spectra of Alloys250

13.4.Ordering254

13.5.Corrosion256

13.6.Semiconductors257

13.7.Insulators （Dielectric Materials and Glass Fibers）260

13.8.Emission of Light263

13.8.1.Spontaneous Emission263

13.8.2.Stimulated Emission （Lasers）264

13.8.3.Helium-Neon Laser268

13.8.4.Carbon Dioxide Laser270

13.8.5.Semiconductor Laser270

13.8.6.Direct-Versus Indirect-Band Gap Semiconductor Lasers271

13.8.7.Wavelength of Emitted Light272

13.8.8.Threshold Current Density274

13.8.9.Homojunction Versus Heterojunction Lasers274

13.8.10.Laser Modulation276

13.8.11.Laser Amplifier276

13.8.12.Quantum Well Lasers278

13.8.13.Light-Emitting Diodes （LEDs）279

13.8.14.Liquid Crystal Displays （LCDs）281

13.8.15.Emissive Flat-Panel Displays283

13.9.Integrated Optoelectronics285

13.9.1.Passive Waveguides285

13.9.2.Electro-Optical Waveguides （EOW）287

13.9.3.Optical Modulators and Switches288

13.9.4.Coupling and Device Integration289

13.9.5.Energy Losses291

13.9.6.Photonics293

13.10.Optical Storage Devices293

13.11.The Optical Computer296

13.12.X-Ray Emission299

Problems301

Suggestions for Further Reading （Part Ⅲ）301

PART Ⅳ Magnetic Properties of Materials303

CHAPTER 14 Foundations of Magnetism305

14.1.Introduction305

14.2.Basic Concepts in Magnetism306

14.3.Units310

Problems310

CHAPTER 15 Magnetic Phenomena and Their Interpretation—Classical Approach312

15.1.Overview312

15.1.1.Diamagnetism312

15.1.2.Paramagnetism314

15.1.3.Ferromagnetism317

15.1.4.Antiferromagnetism323

15.1.5.Ferrimagnetism325

15.2.Langevin Theory of Diamagnetism327

15.3.Langevin Theory of （Electron Orbit） Paramagnetism329

15.4.Molecular Field Theory333

Problems336

CHAPTER 16 Quantum Mechanical Considerations338

16.1.Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism338

16.2.Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism343

Problems347

CHAPTER 17 Applications349

17.1.Introduction349

17.2.Electrical Steels （Soft Magnetic Materials）349

17.2.1.Core Losses350

17.2.2.Grain Orientation352

17.2.3.Composition of Core Materials354

17.2.4.Amorphous Ferromagnetics354

17.3.Permanent Magnets （Hard Magnetic Materials）355

17.4.Magnetic Recording and Magnetic Memories358

Problems364

Suggestions for Further Reading （PartⅣ）364

PART Ⅴ Thermal Properties of Materials365

CHAPTER 18 Introduction367

CHAPTER 19 Fundamentals of Thermal Properties370

19.1.Heat，Work，and Energy370

19.2.Heat Capacity，C’371

19.3.Specific Heat Capacity，c372

19.4.Molar Heat Capacity，Cv372

19.5.Thermal Conductivity，K374

19.6.The Ideal Gas Equation375

19.7.Kinetic Energy of Gases376

Problems377

CHAPTER20 Heat Capacity379

20.1.Classical （Atomistic） Theory of Heat Capacity379

20.2.Quantum Mechanical Considerations—The Phonon381

20.2.1.Einstein Model381

20.2.2.Debye Model384

20.3.Electronic Contribution to the Heat Capacity385

Problems389

CHAPTER 21 Thermal Conduction390

21.1.Thermal Conduction in Metals and Alloys—Classical Approach390

21.2.Thermal Conduction in Metals and Alloys—Quantum Mechanical Considerations392

21.3.Thermal Conduction in Dielectric Materials393

Problems395

CHAPTER22 Thermal Expansion397

Problems399

Suggestions for Further Reading （PartⅤ）399

Appendices401

App.1.Periodic Disturbances403

App.2.Euler Equations407

App.3.Summary of Quantum Number Characteristics408

App.4.Tables410

App.5.About Solving Problems and Solutions to Problems420

Index426