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CONTENTS1

SECTION 1 TENSE1

1．Farm Life in the United States1

（Structural Items:Of course life keeps changing for everyone,including farmers.They learned to try new methods,…）1

2．Winter Farm Scene5

（Structural Items:Fred White is driving his horses homefrom the field.Fred expects to be home by six o clock.）5

3．A Visit to the Hospital9

（Structural Items:He and Jesse talked for a while,andthen Betty and Dave Watson came in.The small room was becoming too crowded.）9

4．Christmas13

（Structural Items:Their mother has baked them a very largeand rich Christmas cake.Tomorrow she will take them out shoppingin the High Street.She is going to buy them new clothes forChristmas.）13

5．The Perfect Pearl17

（Structural Items:An elegantly dressed man entered a famousjewelry shop one day.The price didn t matter,since business hadbeen particularly good for him that year.）17

6．Will You Come to the Cinema?21

（Structural Items:He went over his instructions in his mind.The agent would appeat at four o clock.）25

7．Getting the Plans25

resting?）25

I have been working all day and I m tired.25

（Structural Items:I m having a rest.25

Will you tell me when you have finished25

8．Four Holiday-Makers29

（Structural Items:The boat “Suffolk Owl” has arrived at alittle town in Wales.…,and Mary has nearly all the birdpictures she wanted.）Revision Exercises33

SECTION 2 THE PASSIVE VOICE40

9．Modern Examinations40

（Structural Items:The written examination was probablynot known until the nineteenth century.Two types of tests are commonly used inmodern schools.）40

（Structural Item:An old section of the city has recentlybeen restored.）44

10．A Slum Area44

11．Community Theatre47

（Structural Items:The group might have to choose a buildingthat has been used for other things.Heating and air conditioning will beneeded.）47

12．Problems in Poor Countries and in Rich Countries50

（Structural Items:New farming methods must be introduced.Something will have to be done about theseproblems,too.）Revision Exercises52

SECTION 3 NON-FINITES55

A．Infinitive55

13．Martin Baker and His Family55

（Structural Items:I bought myself some overalls so as not to getpaint on my clothes.I borrowed a book about painting,so as toavoid making mistakes.）58

14．Painting My Kitchen58

He is not well enough to go to work.）58

（Structural Items:He is too old to do any work.58

15．Vacation Plans61

（Structural Items:Mrs Bell wants to visit her sister in Florida.She wants her husband to go with her.）61

16．In Another Country64

（Structural Items:It is interesting to visit another country.We may not know how to buy the things weneed.）64

17．Lily and Norah67

（Structural Items:When do you expect to finish your work,Norah?I hope to have finished it by the timeyou get back.）67

（Structural Items:I found it very strange not to have to go tothe office any more.It had been my habit to take work backhome very often.I am sorry to say that this failure tofind something to interest me began toget me down.）70

18．After I Retired70

19．Witness to a Robbery74

（Structural Item:I heard somebody get out.）77

B．Verbs in-ing/-ed Form77

20．My Parents77

（Structural Item:My parents both liked nature and theoutdoors and were fond of walking,gardening,and swimming.）77

21．Life Is Possible Without Television!80

（Structural Item:We certainly don t spend our eveningsstaring at the walls.）80

22．“I m Losing My Bag.”83

home from market,most of them carrying86

heavy bags and baskets.）86

The bus was crowded with passengers going86

Revision Exercises86

（Structural Items:There was no seat left.86

ticket had gone.86

containing all her money and her return86

The chocolate was there,but her wallet86

SECTION 4 CLAUSES89

A．Noun Clauses89

23．Plastics for Everyone89

（Structural Item:That a person could live in the modern worldwithout synthetic substances is probablypossible.）89

24．A Speech92

（Structural Item:I am quite sure you all know why I have askedfor your attention for a moment,and what I amgoing to say.）92

25．Which Bus Goes to the Zoo?95

（Structural Items:Could you tell me which bus goes to the zoo?That s what the man said.）B．Attributive Clauses95

26．A Child Who Could Not See,Hear or Speak99

（Structural Item:The person who changed Helen s world washer teacher.）99

（Structural Item:Yet there are three days which are usuallymarked by some kind of special ceremony.）103

27．Three Great Events103

（Structural Items:Edison was the first to make an instrumentwhich actually worked.He built a laboratory at Menlo Park,where he had gone to live.）C．Adverbial Clauses107

28．Edison the Inventor107

29．Some Experiences of a Newspaper Writer111

（Structural Item:As soon as they were in the air,Mr.Pagetook some pictures out of his briefcase.）D．Conditional Clauses and Subjunctive Mood111

30．What Should We Do?116

（Structural Items:What can we do if we go down there?If it weren t raining,we could play football.）116

31．Send for the Doctor119

（Structural Items:If I m not better tomorrow morning I shan tcome to the office.If I had five pounds for each of my patientswho has flu,or thinks he has,I shouldbe a rich man.If Susan had been really ill,the doctor wouldhave sent her to119

32．Going to Hawaii123

（Structural Items:I wish I were going,but I can t.125

I recommend that you go by ship if you can.125

It s probably important that they be small125

so they won t use up too much fuel.）125

Revision Exercises125

33．Go Boating129

（Structural Item:On a sunny day in August Roger andSusan drove to a riverside town.）129

SECTION 5 MISCELLANY129

A．Prepositions129

34．An Adventure132

（Structural Item:Jeremy and Wendy,who were staying135

at Ben s farm,decided to walk to a village135

five miles away.）135

35．An Old Friend from California135

（Structural Item:An old friend from California,who wasgoing to spend a few days with me,calledfrom the airport to tell me that he hadarrived.）B．Link Verbs135

36．Poor George138

C．Modal Auxiliary Verbs141

37．Packing Luggage141

（Structural Items:The leaves are turning brown.141

Now he is growing discontented.）141

（Structural Item:We can help you pack later.）145

38．Meeting Mary on Sunday145

（Structural Item:You must have played tennis in the after-noon.）145

39．The First Food Cooked148

（Structural Item:It might even have fallen into the fire.）D．Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs148

（Structural Items:My father was eight years older than mymother and taller and thinner.He was built as straight as an arrow.）151

（Structural Item:It might even have fallen into the fire.）D．Comparison of Adjectives and AdverbsOther?151

40．Do My Parents Look and Behave Like Each151

41．A Plane Ride154

（Structural Items:The houses are getting smaller and smaller.The higher you climb,the colder it gets,youknow.）E．There…154

42．A Large Open Square157

（Structural Items:There is a church at one end of the square.There are wide walks going around it.）157

43．The Great Fire of London159

（Structural Items:There was one large bridge across theRiver Thames.There were many attractive churches andimportant buildings.）159

（Structural Item:There grows a very pretty blue flower onour mountain.）F．Imperative Sentences163

44．On Our Mountain163

45．How to Make a Telephone Call166

（Structural Item:First find the number of the person youwant to ring.）166

46．Remember!169

（Structural Items:Never swim alone.172

Be sure that the water is deep enough.)172

G．It172

47．Mary and Bill172

（Structural Items:I must say it s nice living in the country.It isn t very easy to do the shopping.It s a pity（that）they don t have decentshoes locally.）H．Direct Speech and Indirect Speech176

48．A Visit to London176

Is it far to go?176

It s getting late.)176

（Structural Items:Isn t it very cold out?176

49．A Dialogue Between John and Columbus179

（Structural Items:John:What are you doing now,Mr.183

Columbus?183

—John asked Mr.Columbus what183

he was doing then.183

John:Did many of your men get sea-sick183

coming over to the New World?183

—John asked if/whether many of183

his men had got sea-sick coming183

over to the New World.）183

Ⅰ．Have…done Get…to do183

50．June s Wedding183

（Structural Items:She has had her beautiful wedding dressdesigned.He has got his gardener to tidy the wholegarden.）KEY TO EXERCISES185

参考译文240