英语语音学概论PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Ⅰ Which Type of English Pronunciation1

Ⅱ The Pronunciation of Speech5

1．The Lungues5

2．The Larynx and the Vocal Cords5

3．The Resonating Cavities9

(1)The Pharynx9

(2)The Nose and the Soft Palate10

(3)The Mouth10

4．The Lips12

5．The Tongue14

6．Basic Factors of Sound Description16

Ⅲ The Sounds of Speech17

1．Judgements of Speech Sounds17

2．The Formation of Speech Sounds18

3．Pitch21

4．Loudness22

5．Length23

Ⅳ Classification of Speech Sounds25

1．Vowel and Consonant25

2．The Consonantal Type26

2—1 Place of Articulation27

2—2 Manner of Articulation28

2—3 Semi-vowels30

2—4 Energy of Articulation30

2—5 Classification of Consonants31

3．Vowel Type32

3—1 Difficulties of Description32

3—2 The Cardinal Vowel Seale34

3—3 Classification of Vowels37

Ⅴ Sounds of Spoken Language40

1．Phonemes and Allophones40

2．Allophonic Variants41

3．Notation43

Ⅵ The English Vowels45

1．Introduction45

2．Distinctive Vowels46

(1)Diagram of the Vowels(pure)46

(2)Diagram of the Vowels(gliding)47

(3)Qualities of the Syllabic Vowels49

3．Description of the Vowels50

3—1 Monophthongs51

/i:/51

/i/54

/e/58

/？/61

/？/65

/a:/68

/？/71

/？:/73

/u/78

/u:/80

/？:/84

/？/87

3—2 Diphthongs-Glide92

/ei/93

/ai/97

/？i/101

/？u/104

/？u/109

3—3 Diphthongs—Centring(diphthong+/？/)113

3—4 Centring Diphthongs(glide to/？/)117

Ⅶ The English Consonants129

(Ⅰ)Distinctive Consonants129

(Ⅱ)Consonants with Closure or Stricture(Class A)130

1．Plosives130

1—1 Stages of Plosives130

1—2 Features of Plosives131

1—3 The Release of Plosives134

(1)In Final Positions(no release)134

(2)In Stop Clusters(no release)134

(3)Glottal of Final/p,t,k/136

(4)Nasal Release136

(5)Lateral Release137

(6)Affrication of Plosives138

1—4 Plosives in Pairs139

/p,b/139

/t,d/143

/k,g/147

/？/152

2．Affricates156

2—1 Definition156

2—2 Phonemic Status156

2—3 The Acoustic Features158

2—4 Affricates in Pairs158

/t？,d？/158

/tr,dr/162

3．Fricatives166

3—1 Features166

3—2 Fricatives in Pairs168

/f,v/168

/θ.？/172

/s,z/176

/∫,？/179

/h/183

(Ⅲ)Glide Consonants(Class B)186

1．Nasals186

/m/187

/n/189

/η/192

2．Lateral/l/(/l/),196

3．Post-alveolar/r/202

4．Semi-vowels208

/j/209

/w/213

Ⅷ Syllable218

1．Definition218

Construction220

1)Syllabic Sounds220

2)Forms of Syllables222

3)Open Syllables223

4)Closed Syllables224

5)Pronunciation for Stressed"a,e,i,o,u"225

6)Pronunciation for Unstressed"a,e,i,o,u"226

3．Syllabification227

Ⅸ The word232

1．Accent232

2．Prominence234

(1)Stress235

(2)Pitch Change235

(3)Sound Quality238

(4)Sound Quantity239

3．Word Accentual Patterns240

4．Instability of Word Accentual Patterns246

5．Elission250

(1)Vowels250

(2)Consonants251

Ⅹ Words in Company253

1．Neutralization of Week Forms254

2．Allophonic Variations256

3．Assimilation260

4．Elission262

5．Liaison(liking)265

6．Advice to You267

Ⅺ Connected Speech270

1．Accent270

2．Stress and Rhythem274

3．Changes of Quantity and Quality283

1)Accented Words283

2)Unaccented Words284

4．Intonation289

4—1 The Main Functions289

4—2 Manifestation of the Accentual Function290

1)Realization of Primary Accent290

2)Types of Nucleus292

(1)The Falling Nucleus292

(2)The Rising Nucleus293

(3)The Falling-rising Nucleus294

3)Realization of Secondary Accent295

(1)Pre-nuclear295

(2)Post-nuclear297

(3)Between Fall and Rise298

4)Realization of Unaccented Syllables298

(1)Pre-nuclear298

(2)Within Body299

(3)Post-nuclear300

4—3 Manifestation of the Non-accentual Function301

1)Falling Nuclei302

(1)Low-falling Nucleus303

(2)High-falling Nucleus304

2)Rising Nuclei305

(1)Low-rising Nucleus305

(2)High-rising Nucleus307

(3)Falling-rising Nucleus308

(4)Multi-nuclear Patterns309

4—4 Advice for Learning Accent in Connected Speech312