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一、经济 Economy1

(一)经济改革 Economic Reform1

1.经济体制改革 Reform of Economic Structure1

(一)经济改革 Economic Reform1

一、经济 Economy1

2.对外开放政策 Open Policies2

3.经济特区 Special Economic Zone4

4.外资与外资企业 Foreign Funds and Foreign Invested Enterprises8

5.工业改革 Reform in Industry12

6.农业改革 Reform in Agriculture16

7.个体经济和多种经营经济 Individual and Diversified Economies19

8.税收改革 Tax Reform30

9.物价改革 Price Reform37

10.住房改革 Housing Reform40

(二)经济管理 Economic Administration44

(二)经济管理 Economic Administration44

1.全面经济管理 All-round Economic Administration44

2.反腐倡廉 Against Corruption and for a Clean Government58

3.扶贫工程 Poverty Relief Project62

(三)会计 Accounting66

(三)会计 Accounting66

1.会计种类 Kinds of Accounting66

2.会计业务与管理 Accounting Activity and Management66

3.政府会计 Government Accounting67

4.预算会计 Budget Accounting68

(1)存款、货款会计 Deposit and Loan Accounting68

5.银行会计 Bank Accounting68

(2)信托、信贷会计 Trust and Credit Accounting69

(4)其他 Others70

6.财务会计 Financial Accounting70

(3)外汇会计 Foreign Exchange Accounting70

(1)财务行政管理 Financial Administration and Management70

(2)现金出纳 Cash71

7.成本会计 Cost Accounting71

(1)成本与成本计算法 Cost and Cost Approach71

(2)成本明细表 Cost Statement72

(2)记账法 Bookkeeping Method73

(1)账目与帐本 Accounts and Account Book73

8.簿记 Bookkeeping73

(4)报表格式 Statement Form74

(3)财务报表 Financial Statement74

9.审计 Auditing75

(一)财政金融 Finance77

二、国民经济 National Economy77

二、国民经济 National Economy77

(一)财政金融 Finance77

1.一般用语 General Terms77

2.预算 Budget80

3.收入与支出 Revenue and Expenditure81

(1)收入 Revenue81

(2)支出 Expenditure83

4.拨款、基金、债务 Appropriations,Funds and Loans84

5.税收 Taxation87

(1)税收种类 Kinds of Taxes87

(2)税务管理 Tax Management89

6.证券、股票、债券 Security,Stock and Bonds91

(1)证券 Securities91

(2)股票 Stocks92

(3)债券 Bonds95

7.投资与利润 Investment and Profit96

(1)投资 Investment96

(2)利润 Profit97

(1)垄断 Monopoly99

(2)竞争 Competition99

8.垄断与竞争 Monopoly and Competition99

9.资本、资金、资产 Capital,Fund and Assets100

(1)资本 Capital100

(2)资金 Funds102

(3)资产 Assets103

(1)金融 Money105

10.金融与货币 Money and Currency105

(2)货币 Currencies106

(3)货币管理 Currency Control108

(4)造币 Coinage110

(5)各国货币 Moneys of the World111

11.国际收支 Balance of International Payments117

(二)银行业 Banking119

(二)银行业 Banking119

(1)银行及信用社等 Banks,Credit Cooperatives,etc.119

1.银行 Bank119

(2)银行各部门 Bank Departments and Offices120

(3)银行业人员 Banking Personnel121

(4)银行用机械和设备 Banking Machines and Other Equipment122

2.银行业务 Banking Business122

3.银行票据 Bank Money125

(1)支票 Cheque125

(2)汇票 Draft126

4.信用证 Letter of Credit127

(1)信用证种类 Kinds of L/C127

(2)信用证管理 Management of L/C128

5.存款 Deposit129

(1)银行存款 Deposit at Bank129

(2)存款种类 Kinds of Deposit130

6.信贷 Credit131

7.利息 Interest133

8.现金 Cash134

(1)信托 Trust136

9.信托与抵押 Trust and Mortgage136

(2)抵押 Mortgage137

10.外汇 Foreign Exchange138

(三)保险 Insurance141

1.保险机构与人员 Insurance Organizations and Personnel141

(三)保险 Insurance141

2.保险类别 Kinds of Insurance142

3.保险业务 Insurance Business144

4.保险费与保险单 Premiums,Expenses and Policies146

5.水险 Marine Insurance148

(2)海损、理赔等 Average,Adjustment,etc.148

(1)承保类别 Risk Insured148

(3)保险条款 Insurance Clauses149

三、对外经济 Foreign Economy151

三、对外经济 Foreign Economy151

(一)海关 Customhouse151

(一)海关 Customhouse151

1.海关与海关人员 Customhouse,Customs Officers,Technicians151

2.海关事务 Customs Affairs152

3.关税 Tariff154

(二)对外贸易 Foreign Trade156

1.国际贸易 International Trade156

(1)国际贸易 International Trade156

(二)对外贸易 Foreign Trade156

(2)关贸协定 Agreement on Tariff and Trade159

(3)国际分工 International Division of Labour159

(4)国际经济组织与机构 International Economic Organizations and Agencies161

(5)国际贸易法规 Rules of International Trade163

(6)中国贸易法规 Trade Laws and Regulations of China165

(7)倾销与反倾销 Dumping and Reverse Dumping167

(1)外贸组织 Foreign Trade Organizations168

2.外贸组织与人员 Foreign Trade Organizations and Personnel168

(2)经济、贸易机构 Economic and Trade Organizations169

(3)外贸人员 Foreign Trade Personnel171

3.外贸政策与措施 Policies and Measures Commonly Adopted in Foreign Trade172

4.进出口 Importation and Exportation174

(1)进口 Importation174

(2)出口 Exportation175

5.市场调研 Market Research176

6.询盘与发盘 Enquiry and Offer179

7.价格条件 Price Terms180

8.品质、数量与包装 Quality, Quantity and Packing181

(1)商品品质 Quality of Commodity181

(2)商品数量 Quatity of Commodity182

(3)产品包装 Packing of Products183

9.销售、购买与订单 Sale, Purchase and Order184

(1)销售 Sale184

(2)购买 Purchase185

(3)订单 Orders186

10.条约、协定与合同 Treaties, Agreements and Contracts187

11.费用 Fees and Charges189

12.航运 Shipping191

13.租船 Ship Chartering193

14.货运单据 Cargo Transportation Documents194

15.货物与装卸 Cargoes, Loading and Unloading197

(1)货物 Cargoes197

(2)装卸 Loading and Unloading198

16.装运与交货 Shipment and Delivery199

(1)装运 Shipment199

(2)交货 Delivery200

(1)结算 Settlement of Payments201

(2)支付Payment201

17.结算与支付 Settlement of Payments and Payment201

18.代理、经销与佣金 Agency, Distribution and Commission203

(1)代理 Agency203

(2)经销 Distribution204

(3)佣金 Commission204

19.商品检验 Commodity Inspection204

20.索赔 Claim205

21. 争议与仲裁 Dispute and Arbitration208

22. 常用商务缩略语 Commercial Abbreviations in Common Use209

1.工业类型 Types of Industries214

(一)工业 Industry214

四、工业经济 Industrial Economy214

(一)工业 Industry214

四、工业经济 Industrial Economy214

2.工厂名称 Names of Factories216

(1)工厂组织 Factory Organizations222

(2)工厂科室 Factory Sections and Offices222

3.工厂机构 Factory Institutions222

(3)车间 Workshops223

(4)工作室、检验室等 Operating Rooms, Laboratories, etc.223

(5)其他 Others224

4.职工 Staff and Workers224

(二)企业管理 Enterprise Management228

1.企业 Enterprises228

(1)企业类型 Kinds of Enterprises228

(二)企业管理 Enterprise Management228

(2)企业组织形式 Forms of Enterprise Organizations229

2.企业管理原理、组织及领导Principle,Organization and Leadership of Enterprise Management229

(1)计划与指标 Plans and Indicators231

3.计划管理与经营决策 Planning Management and Managerial Decision Making231

(2)统计、决策与合同 Statistics,Decision Making and Contracts232

4.科技管理 Management of Science and Technology233

(1)新技术、新产品开发 Development of New Technology and New Products233

(3)科研管理 Management of Scientific Research234

(2)设计与工艺管理 Design and Process Management234

5.生产管理 Production Management235

(1)生产过程组织 Organization of Production Process235

(2)质量管理 Quality Control236

(3)设备管理 Equipment Management237

(4)物资管理 Materials and Equipment Management237

(1)雇工制度 Employment System238

6.劳动人事管理 Labour and Personnel Management238

(5)能源管理与环境保护 Energy Management and Environmental Protection238

(2)工资制度 Wage System239

7.劳动保险 Labour Insurance241

8.劳动保护 Labour Protection241

9.市场与销售管理 Market and Sales Management243

(1)市场 Market243

(2)价格 Price243

(3)销售 Sale244

10.财务管理 Financial Management244

(1)资金管理 Fund Management244

(3)税金 Tax245

(4)成本管理 Cost Management245

(2)利润管理 Profit Management245

(5)经济核算 Economic Calculation246

(6)会计与审计 Accounting and Auditing246

11.系统工程 Systems Engineering247

(一)农业经营与管理 Agricultural Operation and Management248

五、农业经济 Agricultural Economy248

(一)农业经营与管理 Agricultural Operation and Management248

1.一般用语 General Terms248

五、农业经济 Agricultural Economy248

2.农场和作物产区 Farms and Crop Growing Areas249

(1)农场 Farms249

(2)作物产区 Crop Growing Areas250

3.农场经营 Farm Operating250

(1)农业科技单位 Agro-technical Institutions252

4.农业科技单位和人员 Agro-technical Institutions and Agro-technicians252

(2)农技人员 Agro-technicians253

(1)农村与农村生活 Villages and Rural Life254

5.农村和农业人员 Farm Villages and Farmers254

(2)农业人员 Farming Workers255

6.农业气象 Agricultural Meteorology256

(二)土地和土壤 Land and Soil259

1.土地 Land259

(二)土地和土壤 Land and Soil259

2.土壤 Soil261

(1)土壤分类 Soil Classification261

(2)土壤结构与性能 Soil Structure and Properties263

(3)土层 Soil Horizons264

(4)土壤形成、改良等 Soil Formation,Improvement,etc.264

1.肥料与肥料要素 Fertilizer and Fertility Elements265

(1)肥料种类 Kinds of Fertilizer265

(三)肥料 Fertilizer265

(三)肥料 Fertilizer265

(2)肥料要素 Fertility Elements266

2.天然有机肥料 Natural Organic Fertilizer266

3.化肥及其他肥料 Chemical Fertilizer and Others267

4.积肥与施肥 Manure Storage and Application268

(1)积肥 Manure Accumulating268

(2)施肥 Manuring268

(四)水利 Water Conservation269

1.农田基本建设 Farmland Improvement Groundwork269

(四)水利 Water Conservation269

2.农田灌溉 Farmland Irrigation272

(五)选种和育种 Seed Selection and Breeding273

1.种子和品种 Seeds and Species273

(五)选种和育种 Seed Selection and Breeding273

3.育种 Seed Breeding275

2.作物遗传学 Crop-plant Genetics275

4.种子测定与选种 Seed Testing and Selection277

(1)种子测定 Seed Testing277

(2)选种 Seed Selection277

(六)作物保护 Crop Plant Protection278

1.病虫害防治 Plant Diseases and Pests Control278

(六)作物保护 Crop Plant Protection278

2.植物病害 Plant Diseases279

3.植物虫害 Plant Pests280

4.常用农药及其施用 Pesticides and Application281

5.杂草与除草剂 Weeds and Herbicides283

(七)田间管理 Field Management283

1.耕作 Tillage283

(七)田间管理 Field Management283

2.播种 Seeding285

3.栽植 Planting286

4.收获 Havesting289

5.农时与自然灾害 Farm Seasons and Natural Calamities290

(八)农业机具 Agricultural Machinery and Farm Implements291

1.拖拉机 Tractor291

(八)农业机具 Agricultural Machinery and Farm Implements291

2.犁 Plough292

3.耙 Harrow293

5.选种、播种和移植机具 Selectors,Seeders and Transplanting Machines294

(1)选种机具 Selectors294

4.耕作机 Cultivator294

(2)播种、种植机具 Seeders and Planters294

6.中耕、施肥机具 Cultivators and Manure Distributors295

(1)中耕机具 Implements for Inter-cultivation295

(3)移植机具 Transplanting Machines295

(2)施肥机具 Manure Distributors296

7.收割机械 Harvesting Machinery296

(1)收割机 Harvesters296

(2)割草机械 Mowing Machinery297

8.作物处理机械 Crop Processing Machinery297

(1)脱粒机械 Threshing Machinery297

(2)谷场、谷仓用机械 Barn Machinery297

(3)作物干燥设备 Crop Drying Equipment298

9.其他农用机械 Other Agricultural Machinery298

10.农具 Farm Tools299

(1)农作物种类 Kinds of Crop301

(九)农作物 Crops301

1.农作物种类及其生长过程 Crops and the Course of Crop Crowing301

(九)农作物 Crops301

(2)农作物生长过程 The Course of Crop Growing302

2.禾谷类作物 Cereal Crops303

(1)稻谷 Rice303

(2)小麦 Wheat304

(5)高粱 Sorghum305

(3)玉米 Maize305

(4)大麦 Barley305

(6)次要禾谷类作物 Minor Cereals306

3.油料作物 Oil Crops306

(1)落花生 Peanut306

(2)豆类 Beans and Peas306

(5)非食用油料作物 Nonedible-oil Crops307

(3)芝麻 Sesame307

(4)杂类 Miscellany307

(1)甘蔗 Sugarcane308

(2)甜菜 Sugar Beet308

4.糖料作物 Sugar Crops308

(3)其他糖料作物 Other Sugar Crops309

5.饮料作物 Beverage Crops309

(1)茶叶 Tea309

(2)咖啡 Coffee310

(3)可可 Cocoa310

6.香料作物 Spice Crops311

7.烟草 Tobacco Crop311

(1)棉花 Cotton312

8.纤维作物 Fibre Crops312

(2)亚麻和黄麻 Flax and Jute313

(3)苎麻、大麻及其他 Ramie,Hemp and Miscellany313

9.蔬菜 Vegetalbles314

(1)蔬菜栽培 Vegetables Growing314

(2)根、茎类蔬菜 Root and Stalk Vegetables314

(3)叶菜作物 Leaf Vegetable Plant315

(5)辣椒、番茄等 Peppers,Tomatoes,etc.316

(4)瓜类 Cucumbers,Squashes,etc.316

(6)菜豆类 Beans317

(7)蔬菜病虫害 Vegetable Diseases and Pests317

10.水果作物 Fruit Crops318

(1)果园、水果种植人员及用具 Fruit Garden,Fruit Growers and Garden Tools318

(2)果树 Fruit Trees319

(3)水果生产 Fruit Production320

(4)果类作物 Fruit Crops321

11.橡胶树 Rubber Tree322

12.药用植物栽培 Medicinal Plants Growing323

六、林业经济 Forestry Economy325

(一)森林和森林资源 Forest and Forest Resources325

六、林业经济 Forestry Economy325

1.森林 Forest325

(一)森林和森林资源 Forest and Forest Resources325

2.森林资源 Forest Resources327

3.常见树木名称 Names of Some Common Trees328

(二)森林经营管理 Forest Management331

(二)森林经营管理 Forest Management331

1.林场和林业人员 Forest Farm and Workers331

(1)林场 Forest Farm331

(2)林业机构与人员 Forest Institutions and Workers332

2.造林 Forestation333

3.森林试验和森林气象学 Forest Experiment and Meteorology335

(1)森林试验 Forest Experiment335

4.修枝和除草 Pruning and Weeding336

(2)森林气象学 Forest Meteorology336

(1)森林火灾 Forest Fire337

5.森林灾害 Forest Disasters,Tree Diseases and Pests337

(2)树木病害 Tree Diseases338

(3)森林虫害 Damage by Forest Insects339

(4)其他森林灾害 Other Forest Disasters339

6.林木采伐、采运作业 Forest Tree Felling and Logging339

7.木材 Wood341

(一)牧业 Livestock Farming343

七、畜牧业 Animal Husbandry343

七、畜牧业 Animal Husbandry343

(一)牧业 Livestock Farming343

1.牧区畜牧业 Pastoral Industry343

2.驯化野生动物 Domesticated Wild Animals344

(二)家畜饲养与管理 Stock Raising and Handling345

(二)家畜饲养与管理 Stock Raising and Handling345

1.家畜饲养 Stock Raising345

2.饲料 Fodder346

3.家畜繁育 Animal Breeding348

4.肥育 Fattening349

5.养马场 Horse Range349

6.奶牛场 Dairy350

7.养牛场 Sheep Station352

8.养猪场 Piggery353

9.养狗和养猫 Dog and Cat Keeping354

(1)养狗 Dog Keeping354

(2)养猫 Cat Keeping354

(三)牲畜 Livestock355

(三)牲畜 Livestock355

1.牲畜种类 Kinds of Livestock355

2.马骡类 Horses and Mules356

3.牛 Oxen and Cattle357

4.羊 Sheep and Goats358

5.猪 Pigs358

6.兔 Hares359

7.狗 Dogs359

(四)畜类病虫害 Animal Diseases,Parasites and Pests360

1.普通家畜疾病 Common Diseases of Livestock360

(四)畜类病虫害 Animal Diseases,Parasites and Pests360

8.猫 Cats360

2.马骡类疾病 Diseases of Horse and Mule361

3.牛类疾病Dovine Diseases362

4.羊疾病Sheep Diseases362

5.猪疾病 Swine Diseases363

6.兔、狗、猫疾病 Diseases of Hare ,Dog and Cat363

7.兽医和兽药 Veterinary Medicine and Drugs363

(一)养禽业 Poultry Industry365

(1)养鸡 Chicken Raising365

1.养鸡场 Chicken Farm365

八、副业 Side-line Occupation365

(一)养禽业 Poultry Industry365

八、副业 Side-line Occupation365

(2)鸡的种类 Kinds of Chicken367

2.养鸭和养鹅 Duck and Goose Raising368

(1)养鸭 Duck Raising368

(2)养鹅 Goose Raising368

1.养蚕 Silkworm Keeping369

(二)蚕丝和养蜂业 Sericulture and Apiculture369

(二)蚕丝和养蜂业 Sericulture and Apiculture369

3.家禽病虫害 Fowl Diseases and Pests369

2.养蜂 Beekeeping371

3.其他 Others373

1.编织场Weaving and Braiding Shop374

(三)农村作坊 Village Workshops374

(三)农村作坊 Village Workshops374

2.木工场Carpenter s Yard375

3.采石场和石灰窑 Quarry Yard and Limekiln376

(1)砖瓦厂 Brickyard and Tilery376

4.砖、瓦、水泥厂、陶器作坊、烧炭场 Brickyard,Tilery,Cement Plant,Pottery and Charcoal Kiln Site376

(2)水泥厂Cement Plant377

(3)陶器作坊 Pottery377

(4)烧炭场 Charcoal-kiln Site378

5.锻工场和造船场 Forge and Boatyard378

(1)锻工场 Forgy378

(2)造船场 Boatyard378

6.毛皮加工场 Hide and Fur Processing Workshop379

7.大车铺和马具、马掌铺 Cartwright s Shop,Harness-maker s Shop and Farriery380

(1)大车铺 Cartwright s Shop380

(2)马具铺 Harness-maker s Shop381

(3)马掌铺 Farriery381

8.制桶、制绳 Coopery,Ropery381

(1)制桶工场 Cooperage381

(2)绳场 Ropery381

(1)磨坊 Mill382

(3)碾坊 Grain Mill382

(2)面坊 Flour Mill382

(4)油坊 Oil Mill382

9.其他作坊 Other Workshops382

(5)豆腐房 Bean-curd Plant383

(6)糖房 Sugar Mill383

(7)粉房 Bean Noodle Mill383

(一)捕鱼业 Fishery384

九、水产业 Aquatic Products Industry384

1.渔业和渔业资源 Fishery and Fishery Resources384

九、水产业 Aquatic Products Industry384

(一)捕鱼业 Fishery384

2.捕鱼 Fishing385

3.渔具 Fishing Gear386

4.渔船 Fishing Vessels387

5.鱼的保藏 Preservation of Fish388

6.渔港和渔民 Fishing Port and Population389

(二)水产养殖业 Aquatic Products Farming390

1.鱼类养殖 Fish Farming390

(二)水产养殖业 Aquatic Products Farming390

2.珍珠养殖 Pearl Culture392

(三)水产 Aquatic Products393

(三)水产 Aquatic Products393

1.淡水鱼类 Freshwater Fishes393

3.养蚝及其他 Oyster Cultivation and Others393

2.海洋鱼类 Marine Fishes394

3.其他海洋生物 Other Marine Life395

(一)商业与商品 Commerce and Commodity397

十、商品经济与市场经济 Commodity Economy and Market Economy397

(一)商业与商品 Commerce and Commodity397

1.商业与机构Commercial Establishment397

(1)商业组织 Commercial Organization397

(2)商业公司 Business Company397

十、商品经济与市场经济 Commodity Economy and Market Economy397

(3)其他商业部门 Other Commercial Departments398

2.市场 Market399

(1)店铺类型Types of Shop400

3.商店 Shop400

(2)商店各部门与设备 Shop Departments and Equipment402

4.商业人员 Commercial Personnel403

5.商业经营管理 Commercial Operation and Administration405

(1)商业经营Commercial Transaction405

(2)商业管理Commercial Admimstration407

(3)货源与销售 Source of Goods and Sale409

(4)购买与利润 Buying and Profit410

(5)商业文件 Commercial Papers411

(6)商业道德 Commercial Morality412

(7)商业非法行为 Commercial Immorality413

6.商品 Commodity414

7.价格 Price418

8.品质、数量、样品等 Quality,Quantity,Sample,etc.420

(1)商品品质 Quality of Commodity420

(2)商品数量 Quantity of Commodity421

(3)商品样品 Trade Sample421

9.包装 Packing422

(1)商业包装 Commercail Packing422

(2)包装材料与设备 Packing Materials and Facilities422

(3)包装要求 Packing Instructions423

10.库存与运输 Stock and Transportation424

(1)库存 Stock424

(2)商品运输 Commercial Transportation425

11.广告 Advertising425

12.拍卖与投标 Auction and Tender426

(1)拍卖 Auction426

(2)投标 Tender427

(二)市场经济 Market Economy428

1.市场 Market428

(二)市场经济 Market Economy428

2.市场经营与管理 Market Operation and Management433

3.质量监督 Quality Surpervision445

(一)旅游市场 Tourism Market450

十一、旅游经济 Tourism Economy450

1.旅游经营 Tourism Operating450

十一、旅游经济 Tourism Economy450

(一)旅游市场 Tourism Market450

2.旅游管理 Management of Tourism453

3.旅游结算 Tourism Account456

1.旅行、观光 Travelling and Sightseeing458

(二)旅游开发 Tourism Development458

(二)旅游开发 Tourism Development458

2.游客 Tourists and Sightseers459

3.旅游点 Showplace460

4.旅游用品 Touring Appliance463

十二、知识经济 Knowledge Economy465

十二、知识经济 Knowledge Economy465

(一)知识产权 Intellectual Property Right465

1.科学与技术 Science and Technology465

(1)科学 Science465

(一)知识产权 Intellectual Property Right465

(2)理论 Theory467

(3)技术 Technology468

2.学术、科研活动 Academic and Scientific Activities471

(1)新技术、新产品开发 Development of New Technology and New Products472

3.科技开发 Scientific and Technological Development472

(2)设计与工艺 Design and Process473

(3)科研 Scientific Research473

4.知识产权 Intellectual Property Right474

5.工业产权 Industrial Property Right482

(1)发明与革新 Invention and Innovation482

(2)专利 Patent482

(3)商标 Trademark483

(二)知识服务 Knowledge Service485

(二)知识服务 Knowledge Service485

1.图书馆服务 Library Service485

(1)图书馆种类、部门及人员 Kinds,Departments and Personnel of the Library485

(2)图书采访 Acquisition486

(3)图书编目 Cataloguing487

(4)图书借阅服务 Loan Service489

(5)图书阅览服务 Reading Service489

(6)参考咨询服务 Reference Service490

(7)资料复制服务 Reproducing Service491

(8)打字服务 Typewriting Service492

2.信息服务 Information Service492

(1)一般用语 General Terms492

(2)信息种类 Kinds of Information493

(3)信息符号 Information Symbols494

(4)信息资料 Information Materials494

(5)信息处理 Information Processing495

(6)翻译服务 Translation Service496

(7)系统分编服务 Arrangement Service496

(8)分类服务 Classifying Service497

(9)目录服务 Bibliographical Service497

(10)编码服务 Codification Service498

(11)检索服务 Retrieval Service498

(12)标引服务 Indexing Service499

(14)信息服务 Information Service500

(13)文献服务 Documentation Service500

3.书刊资料服务 Books and Periodicals Service502

(1)出版物种类 Kinds of Publication502

(2)书籍 Books503

(3)版本 Edition506

(4)报纸 Newspaper508

(5)刊物 Publication509

(6)新闻 News510

(7)广播节目 Broadcasting Programme511

(8)电视节目 Television Programme513

4.科技兴农 Promoting Agriculture by Applying Scienceand Technology515

十三、交通建设 Traffic Construction521

(一)公路交通 Road Traffic521

1.公路交通运输业 Road Transport Service521

(1)公路交通运输系统 Road Transport System521

十三、交通建设 Traffic Construction521

(一)公路交通 Road Traffic521

(2)公路交通运输业务Road Transport Service522

(3)汽车总站 Central Bus Station523

(4)公共汽车交通 Bus Service523

(5)电车交通 Tramcar Service524

(6)货车运输 Trucking525

2.道路 Road525

(1)道路类型 Types of Road525

(2)道路设置 Road Laying526

(3)道路结构和养护 Road Structure and Maintenance527

(4)高速公路 Expressway528

(5)公路铺建Road Construction528

(6)筑路机械 Road-making Machinery529

3.桥梁 Bridge529

(1)桥梁类型 Types of Bridge529

(2)桥梁结构 Bridge Structure530

(3)桥梁建造 Bridge Building531

4.交通管理 Traffic Control531

(1)交通标记和信号 Traffic Signs and Signals531

(2)交通安全 Traffic Safety532

(3)交通事故 Traffic Accident533

(二)铁路交通 Railway Traffic534

(二)铁路交通 Railway Traffic534

1.铁路系统 Railway System534

2.铁路客运 Railway Passenger Service535

(1)客运业务 Passenger Service535

(2)火车站 Railway Station537

(3)乘火车旅行 Travelling by Train539

3.铁路货运 Railway Freight Service540

(1)货运业务 Cargo Service540

(2)货运列车 Goods Trains541

4.铁路交通管理 Railway Traffic Control542

(1)调度系统 Dispatching System542

(2)信号系统 Signal System542

(3)铁路警标 Railway Warning Signs543

(4)铁路事故 Railway Accident543

5.铁路建设 Railway Construction543

(1)铁路和铁路线 Railway and Railway Lines543

(2)铁路定线 Railway Location544

(3)轨道铺设 Track Laying545

6.登山铁路 Mountain Railway546

(三)航运 Shipping547

(三)航运 Shipping547

1.港口 Port547

(1)港口种类 Kinds of Port547

(2)港口结构 Harbour Accommodation548

(3)港口其他设施 Other Installations in Dock Area549

(4)港口工作人员 Harbour Personnel549

2.航海 Navigation549

(1)船员 Crew549

(2)航行 Voyage550

(3)海上旅行 Sea Travel552

(4)航海器具 Navigation Appliance552

3.海难救助 Salvage553

4.国际通话信号旗 International Code Flags553

5.船运业务 Shipping Business554

(1)货物运输 Cargo Transport554

(2)装卸机具 Loading and Unloading Gear554

(3)集装箱运输 Containerized Traffic555

(4)货物标志 Cargo Marks555

(5)货物残损 Cargo Damage556

7.内河交通 Inland Water Traffic557

(四)民航 Civil Aviation558

1.民航机构 Civil Aviation Organizations558

(四)民航 Civil Aviation558

2.飞机场 Airfield561

(1)机场种类 Kinds of Airfield561

(2)民航机场 Civil Airport561

3.民航客运 Civil Air Passenger Service562

(1)航空客运业务 Air Passenger-carrying Service562

(2)客机 Passenger Plane563

(3)客机设备 Airliner Accommodation563

(4)航空旅行 Air Travel564

4.民航货运 Civil Freight Service564

(1)民航货运业务 Civil Freight Service564

(3)民航运输机设备 Freighter Accommodation565

(2)民航运输机 Civil Transport Planes565

十四、通讯建设 Communication Construction567

(一)邮政 Post567

十四、通讯建设 Communication Construction567

(一)邮政 Post567

1.邮政系统 Postal System567

(1)邮电机构 Establishments of Post and Telecommunications567

(2)邮局各部门 Departments,Offices,etc.567

(3)邮电人员 Postal Personnel568

2.邮政业务 Postal Service568

3.邮递 Posting and Delivering570

4.邮件 Post571

(1)邮件种类 Kinds of Post571

(2)信件 Letters572

(3)明信片 Postcards572

(4)信封与信笺 Envelopes and Letter Paper573

(5)邮政包裹 Postal Parcels573

5.邮资、邮票 Postage and Stamps574

(1)邮资 Postage574

(2)邮票 Stamps574

6.邮政设备 Postal Equipment575

(二)电报 Telegraph576

(二)电报 Telegraph576

1.电报系统 Telegraphic System576

(1)电报局 Telegraph Office576

(2)电报局职工 Telegraphic Office Workers576

2.电报业务 Telegraphic Service577

3.电报 Telegram578

4.用户直通电报与传真 Telex and Fax579

5.电报设备 Telegraphic Equipment580

(1)电报机械 Telegraphic Machinery580

(2)电报机零部件 Telegraph Parts581

(3)电报电码 Telegraphic Code581

(三)电话 Telephone582

1.电话系统 Telephone System582

(三)电话 Telephone582

(1)电话局 Telephone Office582

(2)机房、电话台、交换机等 Rooms,Services,Switchboards,Exchanges,etc.582

(3)电话局职工、用户等 Telephone Office Workers,Subscribers,etc.583

2.电话业务 Telephone Traffic583

3.电话设备 Telephonic Equipment585

(1)电话机种类 Kinds of Telephone Set585

(3)其他电话机具 Other Telephone Equipment586

(4)电话线路 Telephone Lines586

(2)电话机结构 Structure of a Telephone Set586

(5)电话用电缆等 Telephone Cables,etc.587

十五、水利建设 Water Conservancy Construction588

(一)水利工程 Water Conservancy Project588

1.水利 Water Conservancy588

十五、水利建设 Water Conservancy Construction588

(一)水利工程 Water Conservancy Project588

2.堤坝 Bank and Dam589

3.涵闸 Culvert and Sluice590

(二)水资源与抗洪 Water Resources and Anti-flood591

1.防洪 Flood Prevention591

(二)水资源与抗洪 Water Resources and Anti-flood591

2.水资源与抗洪 Water Resources and Anti-flood592

十六、环境保护 Environmental Protection597

(一)环境问题 Environmental Problems597

1.城市环境问题 Urban Environmental Problems597

十六、环境保护 Environmental Protection597

(一)环境问题 Environmental Problems597

2.环境污染 Environmental Pollution598

3.环境问题 Environmental Problems599

1.环保措施 Environmental Protection Measures601

(二)环境保护 Environmental Protection601

(二)环境保护 Environmental Protection601

2.城市规划 City Planning605

3.废物处理与噪声控制 Waste Disposal and Noise Control606