Introduction to optical quantum information processingPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Part Ⅰ Quantum optics and quantum information3

1 The quantum theory of light3

1.1 The classical electromagnetic field3

1.2 Quantization of the electromagnetic field6

1.3 Mode functions and polarization16

1.4 Evolution of the field operators25

1.5 Quantum states of the electromagnetic field37

1.6 References and further reading46

2 Quantum information processing48

2.1 Quantum information48

2.2 Quantum communication57

2.3 Quantum computation with qubits62

2.4 Quantum computation with continuous variables80

2.5 References and further reading89

3 Figures of merit90

3.1 Density operators and superoperators90

3.2 The fidelity100

3.3 Entropy，information，and entanglement measures101

3.4 Correlation functions and interference of light105

3.5 Photon correlation measurements108

3.6 References and further reading110

Part Ⅱ Quantum information in photons and atoms113

4 Photon sources and detectors113

4.1 A mathematical model of photodetectors113

4.2 Physical implementations of photodetectors121

4.3 Single-photon sources129

4.4 Entangled photon sources139

4.5 Quantum non-demolition photon detectors142

4.6 References and further reading144

5 Quantum communication with single photons145

5.1 Photons as information carriers145

5.2 Quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping162

5.3 Decoherence-free subspaces for communication170

5.4 Quantum cryptography172

5.5 References and further reading177

6 Quantum computation with single photons179

6.1 Optical N-port interferometers and scalability179

6.2 Post-selection and feed-forward gates181

6.3 Building quantum computers with probabilistic gates192

6.4 Photon counting and quantum memories202

6.5 Threshold theorem for linear-optical quantum computing207

6.6 References and further reading209

7 Atomic quantum information carriers210

7.1 Atomic systems as qubits210

7.2 The Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian222

7.3 The optical master equation and quantum jumps227

7.4 Entangling operations via path erasure236

7.5 Other entangling gates245

7.6 References and further reading251

PartⅢ Quantum information in many-body systems255

8 Quantum communication with continuous variables255

8.1 Phase space in quantum optics255

8.2 Continuous-variable entanglement267

8.3 Teleportation and entanglement swapping272

8.4 Entanglement distillation280

8.5 Quantum cryptography281

8.6 References and further reading293

9 Quantum computation with continuous variables294

9.1 Single-mode optical qunat gates294

9.2 Two-mode Gaussian qunat operations299

9.3 The Gottesman-Knill theorem for qunats303

9.4 Nonlinear optical qunat gates307

9.5 The one-way model for qunats309

9.6 Quantum error correction for qunats318

9.7 References and further reading326

10 Atomic ensembles in quantum information processing327

10.1 An ensemble of identical two-level atoms327

10.2 Electromagnetically induced transparency337

10.3 Quantum memories and quantum repeaters344

10.4 The atomic ensemble as a single qubit352

10.5 Photon-photon interactions via atomic ensembles355

10.6 References and further reading360

11 Solid-state quantum information carriers361

11.1 Basic concepts of solid-state systems361

11.2 Definition and optical manipulation of solid-state qubits375

11.3 Interactions in solid-state qubit systems381

11.4 Entangling two-qubit operations384

11.5 Scalability of solid-state devices393

11.6 References and further reading395

12 Decoherence of solid-state qubits397

12.1 Phonons397

12.2 Electron phonon coupling400

12.3 The master equation for electrons and phonons403

12.4 Overcoming decoherence406

12.5 Strong coupling effects412

12.6 References and further reading419

13 Quantum metrology421

13.1 Parameter estimation and Fisher information421

13.2 The statistical distance425

13.3 The dynamical evolution of states433

13.4 Entanglement-assisted parameter estimation437

13.5 Optical quantum metrology440

13.6 References and further reading452

Appendix A Baker-Campbell-Haussdorff relations454

Appendix B The Knill-Laflamme-Milburn protocol457

Appendix C Cross-Kerr nonlinearities for single photons462

References465

Index477