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总论1

一、蚋类研究史略1

（一）国外蚋类的基础研究1

（二）我国蚋类的基础研究2

二、蚋类的鉴别形态4

（一）成虫5

1．头部6

2．胸部9

3．腹部13

（二）蛹16

1．头部16

2．胸部16

3．腹部17

4．茧18

（三）幼虫18

1．头部20

2．胸部22

3．腹部23

（四）卵24

三、分类系统25

四、区系分布和地理区划28

（一）我国蚋类区系分布的特点29

1．两界分布不均匀性29

2．接壤区系的相似性30

3．具有明显的地方性32

（二）我国蚋类的地理区划32

1．东北区33

2．华北区33

5．华中区34

3．蒙新区34

4．青藏区34

6．西南区35

7．华南区35

五、蚋类生物学35

（一）卵和孵化期36

（二）幼虫期37

1．孽生习性37

3．运动习性38

4．影响幼虫发育的环境因素38

2．食性38

（三）蛹期40

（四）成虫期41

1．吸血习性41

2．栖息和活动习性43

3．生殖营养周环43

4．寿命43

7．季节分布44

6．产卵习性44

5．群舞和交配44

六、蚋类的细胞遗传学和分子生物学45

（一）蚋类的细胞遗传学45

1．研究材料和方法45

2．核型和多线染色体特征46

3．细胞遗传学研究的应用46

（二）蚋类的分子生物学47

1．DNA探针技术47

2．PCR技术47

七、医学重要性48

3．DNA序列分析48

（一）骚扰吸血，危害人畜49

（二）作为多种人类和禽畜疾病的传播媒介49

1．人盘尾丝虫病49

2．家畜盘尾丝虫病50

3．欧氏曼森线虫病51

4．禽鸟住白血球病51

蚋科Simuliidae Newman,183452

蚋亚科Simuliinae Newman,183452

八、中国蚋科分类鉴定52

各论52

（一）原蚋族Tribe Prosimuliini Enderlein,192154

原蚋属Genus Prosimulium Roubaud,190655

赫蚋亚属Subgenus Helodon Enderlein,192156

高山赫蚋Prosimulium(Helodon)alpestre Dorogostaisky,Rubtsov Vlasenko,193557

原蚋亚属Subgenus Prosimulium Roubaud,190658

毛足原蚋Prosimulium(Prosimulium)hirtipes(Fries),182459

刺扰原蚋Prosimulium(Prosimulium)irritans Rubtsov,194061

辽宁原蚋Prosimulium(Prosimulium)liaoningense Sun et Xue,199462

后克蚋属Subgenus Metacnephia Crosskey,196964

黑足后克蚋Metacnephia edwardsiana(Rubtsov,1940)64

克氏后克蚋Metacnephia kirjanovae(Rubtsov,1956)66

畦克蚋属Subgenus Sulcicnephia Rubtsov,197167

黄足畦克蚋Sulcicnephia flavipes(Chen,1984)69

褐足畦克蚋Sulcicnephia jeholensis(Takahasi,1942)70

荆棚畦克蚋Sulcicnephia jingpengensis Chen,198472

奥氏畦克蚋Sulcicnephia ovtshinnikovi Rubtsov,194073

十一畦克蚋Sulcicnephia undecimata(Rubtsov,1951)74

吞蚋属Subgenus Twinnia Stone et Jamnback,193575

长白吞蚋Twinnia changbaiensis Sun,199476

（二）蚋族Tribe Simuliini Newman,183477

蚋属Subgenus Simulium Latreille,180278

厌蚋亚属Subgenus Boophthora Enderlein,192183

红头厌蚋Simulium(Boophthora)erythrocephala(De Geer),177684

布蚋亚属Subgenus Byssodon Enderlein,192586

斑布蚋Simulium(Byssodon)maculatum(Meigen,1804)86

真蚋亚属Subgenus Eusimulium Roubaud,190688

窄足真蚋Simulium(Eusimulium)angustipes Edwards,191591

山溪真蚋Simulium(Eusimulium)armeniacum Rubtsov,195592

金毛真蚋Simulium(Eusimulium)aureum Fries,182494

宽甸真蚋Simulium(Eusimulium)kuandianense Chen et Cao,198395

海真蚋Simulium(Eusimulium)maritimum Rubtsov,195697

皇后真蚋Simulium(Eusimulium)reginae Terteryan,194998

萨特真蚋Simulium(Eusimulium)satsumense Takaoka,197699

泰山真蚋Simulium(Eusimulium)taishanense Xue et An,2001101

威宁真蚋Simulium(Eusimulium)weiningense Chen and Zhang,1997103

绳蚋亚属Subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein,1921104

短茎绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)brivetruncum Chen Chen,2000110

重庆绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)chongqingense Zhu and Wang,1995112

曲端绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)curvastylum Chen and Zhang,2001114

杜氏绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)dudgeoni Takaoka Davies,1995115

梵净山绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)fanjingshanense Chen,Zhang and Wen,2000117

海南绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)hainanense Long and An,1995119

因他绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)inthanonense Takaoka and Suzuki,1984120

尖峰绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)jianfengense An and Long,1995121

崂山绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)laoshanstum Ren,An and Kang,1998123

孟氏绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)mengi Chen,Zhang and Wen,2000125

后宽绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)metatarsale Brunetti,1911127

苗岭绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)miaolingense Wen and Chen,2000129

黑股绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)nigrofemoralum Chen and Zhang,2001130

凭祥绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)pingxiangense An,Hao and Mai,1990132

四面山绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)simianshanense Wang,Li and Sun,1996133

憎木绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)shogakii Rubtsov,1962134

狭谷绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)synanceium Chen and Cao,1983136

膨股绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)tumum Chen and Zhang,2001137

图讷绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)tuenense Takaoka,1979139

西藏绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)xizangense An,Zhang and Deng,1990140

察隅绳蚋Simulium(Gomphostilbia)zayuense An,Zhang and Deng,1990141

希蚋亚属Subgenus Hellichiella Rivosecchi and Cardinali,1975142

白斑希蚋Simulium(Hellichiella)kariyai Takahasi,1940143

喜山蚋亚属Subgenus Himalayum Lewis,1973144

印度喜山蚋Simulium(Himalayum)indicum Becher,1885145

山蚋亚属Subgenus Montisimulium Rubtsov,1974147

周氏山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium)chowi Takaoka,1979150

凹端山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium)concavustylum Deng,Zhang and Chen,1995151

宽板山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium)euryplatamus Sun and Song,1995153

库姆山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium)ghoomense Datta,1975154

林芝山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium)lingziense Deng,Zhang and Chen,1995156

清溪山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium)kirgisorum Rubtsov,1956157

线丝山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium)nemorivagum Datta,1973159

裂缘山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium)schizolomum Deng,Zhang and Chen,1995160

泰山山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium)taishanense Sun and Li,2000161

谭氏山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium)tanae Xue,1993163

西藏山蚋Simulium(Montisimulium)tibetense Deng,Xue,Zhang and Chen,1994164

魔蚋亚属Subgenus Morops Enderlein,1930166

鹿角魔蚋Simulium(Morops)antlerum Chcn,2001166

纺蚋亚属Subgenus Nevermannia Enderlein,1921167

费蚋组Simulium feuerborni group169

查头纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)chitoense Takaoka,1979171

清溪纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)kirgisorum Xue,1991173

雷公山纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)leigongshanense Chen and Zhang,1997174

三重纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)mie Ogata and Sasa,1954176

宽头纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)praetargum Datta,1973177

山东纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)shandongense Sun and Li,2000179

鹿蚋组Simulium ruficorne group180

窄跗纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)angustitarse Lundstrom,1911182

黄毛纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)aureohirtum Brunetti,1911183

新月纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)lundstromi Enderlein,1921185

灰背纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)subgriseum Rubtsov,1940187

宽足蚋组Simulium vernum group188

窄形纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)angustatum Rubtsov,1956194

双角纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)bicorne Dorogostaisky,Rubtsov and Vlasenko,1935196

苍山纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)cangshanense Xue,1993197

陈氏纺蚋Simulium (Nevermannia)cheni Xue,1993199

纤细纺蚋Simulium (Nevermannia)gracile Datta,1973200

吉林纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)jilinense Chen and Cao,1994202

宽丝纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)latifile Rubtsov,1956203

龙潭纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)longtanstum Ren,An and Kang,1998204

梅氏纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)meigeni Rubtsov and Carlsson,206

1965206

新纤细纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)novigracile Deng,Zhang et Chen,1996207

普格纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)pugetense Dyar and Shannon,1927209

朴氏纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)purii Datta,1973211

桥落纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)qiaoluoense Chen,2001212

清水纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)qingshuiense Chen,2001214

林纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)silvestre Rubtsov,1956215

丝肋纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)subcostatum Takahasi,1950217

透林纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)taulingense Takaoka,1979218

内田纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)uchidai Takahasi,1950219

宽足纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)vernum Macquart,1826221

新宾纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)xinbinense Chen and Cao,1983223

薛氏纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)xueae Sun,1994225

油丝纺蚋Simulium(Nevermannia)yushangense Takaoka,1979226

成双欧蚋Simulium(Obuchovia)biseriata Rubtsov,1940228

欧蚋亚属Subgenus Obuchovia Rubtsov,1949228

短蚋亚属Subgenus Odagmia Enderlein,1921229

峨眉短蚋Simulium(Odagmia)emeinesis An,Xu and Song,1991230

斑短蚋Simulium(Odagmia)ferganicum Rubtsov,1940232

一洼短蚋Simulium(Odagmia)iwatense Shiraki,1935234

庄氏短蚋Simulium(Odagmia)ornatum Meigen,1818234

副布蚋亚属Subgenus Parabyssodon Rubtsov,1964236

宽附副布蚋Simulium(Parabyssodon)transiens(Rubtsov,1940)236

黄色逊蚋Simulium(Schoenbaueria)favoantennatum Rubtsov,1940238

逊蚋亚属Subgenus Schoenbaueria Enderlein,1921238

曲胫逊蚋Simulium(Schoenbaueria)tibiale Tan and Chow,1976239

蚋亚属Subgenus Simulium Latreille,1802240

灰额蚋组Simulium griseifrons group243

福州蚋Simulium(Simulium)fuzhouense Zhang Wang,1991245

格氏蚋Simulium(Simulium)gravelyi Puri,1933246

灰额蚋Simulium(Simulium)griseifrons Brunetti,1911248

日本蚋Simulium(Simulium)japonicum Matsumura,1931249

卡瓦蚋Simulium(Simulium)kawamurae Matsumura,1915251

中柱蚋Simulium(Simulium)mediaxisus An,Guo and Xu,1995252

匙蚋Simulium(Simulium)spoonatum An,Hao and Yan,1998253

香港蚋Simulium(Simulium)taipokauense Takaoka,Davies Dudgeon,1995254

优分蚋Simulium(Simulium)ufengense Takaoka,1979256

淡足蚋组Simulium malyschevi group257

双齿蚋Simulium(Simulium)bidentatum Shiraki,1935261

黑角蚋Simulium(Simulium)cholodkovskii Rubtsov,1940263

十分蚋Simulium(Simulium)decimatum Dorogostaisky,Rubtsov and Vlasenko,1935264

粗毛蚋Simulium(Simulium)hirtipannus Puri,1932266

短飘蚋Simulium(Simulium)jacuticum Rubstov,1940268

揭阳蚋Simulium(Simulium)jieyangense An,Yan,Yang and Hao,1994269

辽宁蚋Simulium(Simulium)liaoningense Sun,1994270

淡足蚋Simulium(Simulium)malyschevi Dorogostaisky,Rubtsov and Vlasenko,1935271

纳克蚋Simulium(Simulium)nacojapi Smart,1944272

怒江蚋Simulium(Simulium)nujiangense Xue,1993274

窄手蚋Simulium(Simulium)omorii Takahasi,1942275

长须蚋Simulium(Simulium)pavlovskii Rubtsov,1940276

如伯蚋Simulium(Simulium)rubroflavifemur Rubtsov,1940278

远蚋Simulium(Simulium)remotum Rubtsov,1956279

红足蚋Simulium(Simulium)rufipes Tan and Chow,1976280

北蚋Simulium(Simulium)subvariegatum Rubtsov,1940281

谭氏蚋Simulium(Simulium)tanae Xue,1992283

多条蚋组Simulium multistriatum group284

含糊蚋Simulium(Simulium)ambiguum Shiraki,1935288

包氏蚋Simulium(Simulium)barraudi Puri,1932289

重庆蚋Simulium(Simulium)chongqingense Zhu and Wang,1995290

细齿蚋Simulium(Simulium)dentatum Puri,1932292

地记蚋Simulium(Simulium)digitatum Puri,1932293

鞍阳蚋Simulium(Simulium)ephippioidum Chen Wen,1999294

卡头蚋Simulium(Simulium)katoi Shiraki,1935295

乐东蚋Simulium(Simulium)ledongense Yang Chen,2001296

多叉蚋Simulium(Simulium)multifurcatum Zhang and Wang,1991297

淡股蚋Simulium(Simulium)pallidofemum Deng,Zhang,Xue and Chen,1994299

普拉蚋Simulium(Simulium)pulanotum An,Guo and Xu,1995300

秦氏蚋Simulium(Simulium)qini Cao,Wang and Chen,1993301

多枝蚋Simulium(Simulium)ramulosumChen,2000302

崎岛蚋Simulium(Simulium)sakishimaense Takaoka,1977303

上川蚋Simulium(Simulium)shangchuanense An,Hao and Yan,1998305

细板蚋Simulium(Simulium)tenuatum Chen,2000306

钩突蚋Simulium(Simulium)uncum Zhang and Chen,2001308

武陵蚋Simulium(Simulium)wulingense Zhang and Chen,2000309

节蚋Simulium(Simulium)nodosum Puri,1933311

杰蚋组Simulium nobile group311

素木蚋Simulium(Simulium)shirakii Kono Takahasi,1940313

淡额蚋组Simulium noelleri group314

贝氏蚋Simulium(Simulium)behningi Enderlein,1926316

樱花蚋Simulium(Simulium)nikkoense Shiraki,1935317

淡额蚋Simulium(Simulium)nolleri Friederichs,1920318

沼生蚋Simulium(Simulium)palustre Rubtsov,1956320

爬蚋组Simulium reptans group321

爬蚋Simulium(Simulium)reptans Linnaeus,1758322

溪蚋Simulium(Simulium)rheophilum Tan et Chow,1976324

塔氏蚋Simulium(Simulium)tarnogradskii Rubtsov,1940325

盾纹蚋组Simulium striatum group326

清迈蚋Simulium(Simulium)chiangmaiense Takaoka and Suzuki,1984328

那空蚋Simulium(Simulium)nakhonense Takaoka and Suzuki,1984329

五条蚋Simulium(Simulium)quinquestriatum(Shiraki,1935）331

擦萨蚋Simulium(Simulium)saceatum Rubtsov,1956333

泰国蚋Simulium(Simulium)thailandicum Takaoka and Susuki,1984334

块根蚋组Simulium tuberosum group335

阿里山蚋Simulium(Simulium)arisanum Shiraki,1935338

新红色蚋Simulium(Simulium)neoru fibasis Sun,1994338

黑颜蚋Simulium(Simulium)nigrifacies Datta,1974340

亮胸蚋Simulium(Simulium)nitidithorax Puri,1932341

显著蚋Simulium(Simulium)prominentum Chen and Zhang,2002343

王早蚋Simulium(Simulium)puliense Takaoka,1979344

红色蚋Simulium(Simulium)rufibasis Brunetti,1911345

华丽蚋Simulium(Simulium)splendidum Rubtsov,1940347

柃木蚋Simulium(Simulium)suzukii Rubtsov,1963348

山状蚋Simulium(Simulium)tumulosum Rubtsov,1956350

伏尔加蚋Simulium(Simulium)vulgare Dorogostaisky,Rubtsov Vlasenko,1935351

杂色蚋组Simulium variegatum group352

青木蚋Simulium(Simulium)aokii Takahasi,1941355

草海蚋Simulium(Simulium)caohaiense Chen and Zhang,1997357

昌隆蚋Simulium(Simulium)chamlongi Takaoka and Suzuki,1984359

喜马拉雅蚋Simulium(Simulium)himalayense Puri,1932360

卡任蚋Simulium(Simulium)karenkoensis Shiraki,1935362

黑色蚋Simulium(Simulium)pelius Sun,1994362

黔蚋Simulium(Simulium)qianense Chen and Chen,2001363

台湾蚋Simulium(Simulium)taiwanicum Takaoka,1979365

角突蚋Simulium(Simulium)triangustum An,Gao and Xu,1995367

亚东蚋Simulium(Simulium)yadongense Deng and Chen,1993368

脉蚋组Simulium venustum group370

角逐蚋Simulium(Simulium)aemulum Rubtsov,1940372

阿拉蚋Simulium(Simulium)arakawae Matsumura,1915373

曲跗蚋Simulium(Simulium)curvitarse Rubtsov,1940375

长须蚋Simulium(Simulium)longipalpe Beltyukova,1955376

短须蚋Simulium(Simulium)morsitans Edwards,1915377

桑叶蚋Simulium(Simulium)promorsitans Rubtsov,1956379

新宾蚋Simulium(Simulium)xinbinen Sun,1992380

蚋亚属未分组蚋种381

克氏蚋Simulium(Simulium)christophersi Puri,1932381

赫氏蚋Simulium(Simulium)howletei Puri,1932383

黑足蚋Simulium(Simulium)peliastrias Sun,1994385

轮丝蚋Simulium(Simulium)rotifilis Chen Zhang,1998386

北方蚋Simulium(Simulium)septentriohale Tan et Chow,1976387

特蚋亚属Subgenus Tetisimulium Rubtsov,1963389

正直特蚋Simulium(Tetisimulium)coarctatum Rubtsov,1940391

沙特蚋Simulium(Tetisimulium)desertorum Rubtsov,1938392

冬令特蚋Simulium(Tetisimulium)hiemalis Rubtsov,1956394

扣子特蚋Simulium(Tetisimulium)kozlovi Rubtsov,1940395

龙岗特蚋Simulium(Tetisimulium)longgengen Sun,1992397

塔城特蚋Simulium(Tetisimulium)tachengense An and Maha,1994398

蛙蚋亚属Subgenus Wallacellum Takaoka,1983399

那国蛙蚋Simulium(Wallacellum)yonakuniense Takaoka,1972400

维蚋亚属Subgenus Wilhelmia Enderlein,1921401

窄叉维蚋Simulium(Wilhelmia)angustifurca Rubtsov,1956405

马维蚋Simulium(Wilhelmia)equinum Linnaeus,1758406

沼泽维蚋Simulium(Wilhelmia)lama Rubtsov,1940408

力行维蚋Simulium(Wilhelmia)lineatum Meigen,1804409

北京维蚋Simulium(Wilhelmia)pekingense Sun,1999410

伪马维蚋Simulium(Wilhelmia)pseudequinum Seguy,1921411

塔城维蚋Simulium(Wilhelmia)tachengense Maha,An and Yan,1997413

高桥维蚋Simulium(Wilhelmia)takahasii Rubtsov,1962414

沟额维蚋Simulium(Wilhelmia)veltistshevi Rubtsov,1940415

乌什维蚋Simulium(Wilhelmia)wushiense Maha,An and Yan,1997417

兴义维蚋Simulium(Wilhelmia)xingyiense Chen and Zhang,1998418

九、中国蚋科修订名录420

参考文献427

学名中名对照索引435

中名索引443

蚋类形态学名词外文缩写（含符号）说明448