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CHAPTER 1 COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL BASICSSection A:All Things Digital4

The Digital Revolution4

Convergence8

Digital Society10

QuickCheck A13

Section B:Digital Devices14

Computer Basics14

Personal Computers,Servers,Mainframes,and Supercomputers16

PDAs,Smart Phones,and Portable Media Players19

Microcontrollers20

QuickCheck B21

Section C:Digital Data Representation22

Data Representation Basics22

Representing Numbers,Text,and Pictures23

Quantifying Bits and Bytes26

Circuits and Chips27

QuickCheck C28

Section D:Digital Processing29

Programs and Instruction Sets29

Processor Logic31

QuickCheck D33

Section E:Password Security34

Authentication Protocols34

Password Hacks36

Secure Passwords38

QuickCheck E41

CHAPTER 2 COMPUTER HARDWARESection A:Personal Computer Basics44

Personal Computer Systems44

Desktop and Portable Computers46

Home,Game,and Small Business Systems48

Buying Computer System Components50

QuickCheck A54

Section B:Microprocessors and Memory55

Microprocessor Basics55

Today's Microprocessors58

Random Access Memory59

Read-Only Memory61

EEPROM62

QuickCheck B63

Section C:Storage Devices64

Storage Basics64

Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology66

CD,DVD,and Blu-ray Technology69

Solid State Storage72

Storage Wrapup74

QuickCheck C75

Section D:Input and Output Devices76

Basic input Devices76

Display Devices78

Printers80

Installing Peripheral Devices82

QuickCheck D85

Section E:Hardware Security86

Anti-Theft Devices86

Surge Protection and Battery Backup87

Basic Maintenance89

Troubleshooting and Repair91

QuickCheck E93

CHAPTER 3 COMPUTER SOFTWARESection A:Software Basics96

Software Categories96

Application Software97

Utility Software98

Device Drivers100

QuickCheck A100

Section B:Popular Applications101

Document Production Software101

Spreadsheet Software106

"Number Crunching" Software109

Database Software110

Graphics Software113

Music Software115

Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software116

Educational and Reference Software116

Entertainment Software117

Business Software118

QuickCheck B118

Section C:Buying Software119

Consumer Basics119

Software Copyrights and Licenses122

QuickCheck C127

Section D:Installing Software and Upgrades128

Installation Basics128

Installing Local Applications130

Installing Portable Software and Web Apps134

Software Updates135

Uninstalling Software136

QuickCheck D137

Section E:Security Software138

Security Software Basics138

Security Suites142

Antivirus Modules143

QuickCheck E145

CHAPTER 4 OPERATING SYSTEMS AND FILE MANAGEMENTSection A:Operating System Basics148

Operating System Activities148

User Interfaces153

The Boot Process156

QuickCheck A157

Section B:Today's Operating Systems158

Microsoft Windows158

Mac OS161

UNIX and Linux165

DOS166

Handheld Operating Systems166

QuickCheck B167

Section C:File Basics168

File Names and Extensions168

File Directories and Folders169

File Formats171

QuickCheck C175

Section D:File Management176

Application-based File Management176

File Management Utilities178

File Management Metaphors179

Windows Explorer180

File Management Tips181

Physical File Storage182

QuickCheck D185

Section E:Backup Security186

Backup Basics186

File Copies and Synchronization188

System Synchronization190

File and System Backup191

Bare-Metal Restore and Virtual Machines194

QuickCheck E195

CHAPTER 5 LANS AND WLANSSection A:Network Building Blocks198

Network Classifications198

LAN Standards199

Network Devices200

Clients,Servers,and Peers201

Physical Topology202

Network Links203

Communications Protocols204

QuickCheck A207

Section B:Wired Networks208

Wired Network Basics208

HomePNA and Powerline Networks209

Ethernet210

Ethernet Equipment212

Ethernet Setup214

QuickCheck B216

Section C:Wireless Networks217

Wireless Basics217

Bluetooth219

Wi-Fi220

Wi-Fi Equipment220

Wi-Fi Setup222

QuickCheck C225

Section D:Using LANs226

LAN Advantages and Challenges226

Sharing Files228

Sharing Printers230

LAN Parties232

Troubleshooting232

QuickCheck D233

Section E:Security Through Encryption234

Wi-Fi Security234

Encryption237

QuickCheck E239

CHAPTER 6 THE INTERNETSection A:Internet Technology242

Background242

Internet Infrastructure243

Internet Protocols,Addresses,and Domains245

Connection Speed249

QuickCheck A251

Section B:Fixed Internet Access252

Dial-up Connections252

DSL,ISDN,and Dedicated Lines254

Cable Internet Service256

Satellite Internet Service258

Fixed Wireless Service260

Fixed Internet Connection Roundup261

QuickCheck B261

Section C:Portable and Mobile Internet Access262

Internet to Go262

Wi-Fi Hotspots263

Portable and Mobile WiMAX264

Portable Satellite Service265

Cellular Data Services266

QuickCheck C269

Section D:Internet Services270

Real-Time Messaging270

Voice Over IP272

Grid Computing274

FTP276

File Sharing277

QuickCheck D279

Section E:Internet Security280

Intrusion Attempts280

Securing Ports282

Routers and NAT283

Virtual Private Networks285

QuickCheck E285

CHAPTER 7 THE WEB AND E-MAILSection A:Web Technology288

Web Basics288

HTML290

HTTP292

Web Browsers293

Cookies295

Web Page Authoring297

HTML Scripts299

QuickCheck A301

Section B:Search Engines302

Search Engine Basics302

Formulating Searches306

Citing Web-based Source Material310

QuickCheck B311

Section C:E-commerce312

E-commerce Basics312

Online Shopping314

Online Auctions316

Online Payment317

QuickCheck C319

Section D:E-mail320

E-mail Overview320

Netiquette324

E-mail Technology325

QuickCheck D327

Section E:Web and E-mail Security328

Cookie Exploits328

Spam331

Phishing333

Fake Sites333

QuickCheck E335

CHAPTER 8 DIGITAL MEDIASection A:Digital Sound338

Digital Audio Basics338

Portable Audio Players341

MIDI Music342

Speech Recognition and Synthesis344

QuickCheck A345

Section B:Bitmap Graphics346

Bitmap Basics346

Scanners and Cameras347

Image Resolution349

Color Depth and Palettes352

Image Compression355

Bitmap Graphics Formats358

QuickCheck B359

Section C:Vector and 3-D Graphics360

Vector Graphics Basics360

Vector-to-Bitmap Conversion363

Vector Graphics on the Web364

3-D Graphics365

QuickCheck C367

Section D:Digital Video368

Digital Video Basics368

Producing Video Footage369

Video Transfer370

Video Editing372

Video Output373

Desktop,PDA,and Web Video375

DVD-Video377

QuickCheck D379

Section E:Digital Rights Management380

DRM Basics380

Signal Scrambling and Digital Watermarks381

CD Copy Protection382

DVD and Blue-ray DRM383

DRM for Digital Downloads385

QuickCheck E387

CHAPTER 9 THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY:HISTORY,CAREERS,AND ETHICSSection A:Computer History390

Manual Calculators390

Mechanical Calculators391

Computer Prototypes391

Generations of Computers391

Personal Computers398

QuickCheck A400

Section B:The Computer and IT Industries401

Industry Overview401

Economic Factors404

Product Development406

Market Share408

Marketing Channels410

Industry Regulation412

QuickCheck B413

Section C:Careers for Computer Professionals414

Jobs and Salaries414

Education and Certification418

Job Hunting Basics421

Resumes and Web Portfolios422

Job Listings424

QuickCheck C426

Section D:Professional Ethics427

Ethics Basics427

IT Ethics429

Ethical Decision Making433

Whistleblowing436

QuickCheck D437

Section E:Work Area Safety and Ergonomics438

Radiation Risks438

Repetitive Stress Injuries440

Eye Strain442

Back Pain444

Sedentary Lifestyle444

QuickCheck E445

CHAPTER 10 INFORMATION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGNSection A:Information Systems448

Information Systems in Organizations448

Transaction Processing Systems451

Management Information Systems453

Decision Support Systems454

Expert Systems and Neural Networks456

QuickCheck A457

Section B:Systems Analysis458

System Development Life Cycle458

Planning Phase459

Analysis Phase463

Documentation Tools464

QuickCheck B467

Section C:System Design468

Design Phase468

Evaluation and Selection471

Application Specifications473

QuickCheck C474

Section D:Implementation and Maintenance475

Implementation Phase475

Development and Testing475

Documentation and Training477

Conversion and Cutover477

Maintenance Phase479

QuickCheck D481

Section E:Corporate Data Security482

Information System Data Vulnerabilities482

Information System Data Security484

Corporate Identity Theft486

QuickCheck E487

CHAPTER 11 DATABASESSection A:File and Database Concepts490

Database Basics490

Database Models494

QuickCheck A501

Section B:Data Management Tools502

Data Management Software502

Database Management Systems505

Databases and the Web507

XML510

QuickCheck B512

Section C:Database Design513

Defining Fields513

Normalization517

Organizing Records519

Designing the Interface520

Designing Report Templates522

Loading Data524

QuickCheck C524

Section D:SQL525

SQL Basics525

Adding Records527

Searching for Information528

Updating Fields530

Joining Tables531

QuickCheck D532

Section E:Database Security533

Database Vulnerabilities533

Database Security Measures534

Database Security Regulations536

What Individuals Can Do538

QuickCheck E539

CHAPTER 12 COMPUTER PROGRAMMINGSECTION A:PROGRAMMING BASICS542

Computer Programming and Software Engineering542

Programming Languages and Paradigms544

Program Planning548

Program Coding550

Program Testing and Documentation553

Programming Tools554

QuickCheck A556

Section B:Procedural Programming557

Algorithms557

Expressing an Algorithm560

Sequence,Selection,and Repetition Controls563

Procedural Languages and Applications568

QuickCheck B569

Section C:Object-Oriented Programming570

Objects and Classes570

Inheritance572

Methods and Messages573

Object-Oriented Program Structure577

Object-Oriented Languages and Applications579

QuickCheck C580

Section D:Declarative Programming581

The Declarative Paradigm581

Prolog Facts582

Prolog Rules586

Input Capabilities588

Declarative Languages and Applications590

QuickCheck D590

Section E:Secure Programming591

Black Hat Exploits591

Secure Software Development593

Mitigation596

QuickCheck E597

QUICKCHECK ANSWERS598

GLOSSARY602