中国森林旅游学PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

中国森林旅游学PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

Chapter 1 Conspectus1

1．1．1 Tourism1

1．1 Concept of forest tourism1

第一章 概论1

第一节 森林旅游的概念1

一、旅游1

二、生态旅游的概念2

1．1．2 Concept of ecotourism2

1．1．3 Forest tourism4

三、森林旅游4

1．2 Importance of forest tourism6

第二节 森林旅游的意义6

1．2．1 An importance in development of economy7

一、对发展经济的意义7

1．2．2 An active role in scientific and cultural exchange9

二、对科技、文化交流的积极作用9

1．2．3 Relationship between forest tourism and sustainable forest development10

三、森林旅游与林业可持续发展的关系10

第三节 中国森林旅游学的研究11

1．3．1 Objective requirement of forest tourism of China11

1．3 Research on forest tourism of China11

一、研究中国森林旅游学的客观需要11

二、森林旅游学的理论基础12

1．3．2 Theoretical base of forest tourism12

三、中国森林旅游学研究的目的、内容与范围13

1．3．3 Purpose，contents and scope of forest tourism of China13

四、中国森林旅游学研究的依据15

1．3．4 Justification of research on forest tourism of China15

Chapter 2 Brief History of Development of Forest Tourism17

第一节 世界旅游及旅游业发展史梗概17

第二章 森林旅游发展简史17

一、世界旅游发展史概况17

2．1 Outline of development of the world tourism and its industry17

2．1．1 General description of history of development of world tourism17

2．1．2 Start and present situation of development of world tourism22

二、世界森林旅游的兴起及发展现状22

2．2 Forest tourism of ancient China26

2．2．1 Phasing of forest tourism of ancient China26

第二节 中国古代的森林旅游26

一、关于中国古代森林旅游的历史分期26

二、中国古代森林旅游起始的时期27

2．2．2 Starting period of forest tourism of ancient China27

2．2．3 Forest tourism in period from Zhou Dynasty to Qin Dynasty with participation of scholars and ordinary citizens29

三、士人和平民开始参加的周秦时期森林旅游29

2．2．4 Forest tourism in period from Han Dynasty to Southern and Northern Dynasties with participation of scholars30

四、汉及南北朝以士人为主体的森林旅游30

五、唐宋时期森林旅游成为诗文创作的重要题材31

2．2．5 Forest tourism in period of Tang and Song Dynasties and its reflection in poetry31

2．2．6 Forest tourism in Yuan Dynasty-retrogressed to Xia and Shang Dynaties33

六、元朝森林旅游倒退到夏商时期33

2．2．7 Forest tourism in period of Ming and Qing Dynasties34

七、明清时期的森林旅游34

2．2．8 Conclusion36

八、中国古代森林旅游结语36

3．1．1 Concept of forest tourists38

Chapter 3 Forest Tourists38

3．1 Concept and type of forest tourists and its status in forest tourism38

第三章 森林旅游者38

第一节 森林旅游者的概念、类型及其在森林旅游中的地位38

一、森林旅游者的概念38

二、森林旅游者的类型39

3．1．2 Type of forest tourists39

三、森林旅游者在森林旅游中的地位41

3．1．3 Status of forest tourists in forest tourism41

第二节 森林旅游者产生的基本条件42

一、经济条件42

3．2 Basic conditions of forest tourists who come into being42

3．2．1 Economic conditions42

3．2．2 Leisure time43

二、闲暇时间43

3．2．2 Social environment45

三、社会环境45

3．3 Psychology and requirement of forest tourists47

3．3．1 Motivation of forest tourists47

第三节 森林旅游者的心理状况及追求47

一、森林旅游动机47

3．3．2 Requirement of forest tourists50

二、森林旅游者的追求50

3．3．3 Change of psychological requirement of forest tourists during their tour51

三、森林旅游者心理需求在森林旅游过程中的变化51

第四节 森林旅游者的培育53

一、培育森林旅游者的意义53

3．4 Education of forest tourists53

3．4．1 Importance of educating forest tourists53

3．4．2 Approaches of educating forest tourists53

二、培育森林旅游者的途径53

3．4．3 How to educate forest tourists in forest tourism regions55

三、森林旅游区应该如何培育森林旅游者55

第四章 森林旅游业57

第一节 森林旅游业的概念57

Chapter 4 Forest Tourism Industry57

4．1 Concept of forest tourism industry57

4．1．1 Concept of tourism industry57

一、旅游业的概念57

4．2 Composition of forest tourism industry58

第二节 森林旅游业的组成58

二、森林旅游业的概念58

4．1．2 Concept of forest tourism industry58

4．2．3 Travel agency （Forest travel service）59

4．2．2 Forest tourism management agency59

4．2．1 Management units of forest tourism region59

三、旅行社（森林旅行社）59

二、森林旅游管理部门59

一、森林旅游区经营单位59

4．2．7 Recreation industry and marketing industry of travel souvenirs60

4．2．6 Products of forest tourism60

4．2．5 Hotel services（meals and accommodations）60

4．2．4 Transport means of tourists60

4．3 Operation mechanism of forest tourism industry60

四、旅游交通60

五、饭店（食宿）服务业60

六、森林旅游产品60

七、游乐业和旅游纪念品的经销业60

第三节 森林旅游业的运行机制60

4．4．1 Historical background of forest tourism industry of China63

4．4．2 Economic motivations stimulating development of forest tourism industry of China63

4．4 Historical background of forest tourism industry of China and its properties63

二、中国发展森林旅游业出于经济方面的原因63

第四节 中国森林旅游业的历史背景及行业属性63

一、中国森林旅游业的历史背景63

4．4．3 Properties of forest tourism industry of China64

4．5 Social functions of forest tourism industry of China64

4．5．1 Objects of forest tourism distinguished from that of other tourism64

4．5．2 Characteristics of social benefits delivered by forest tourism64

三、中国森林旅游业的行业属性64

第五节 中国森林旅游业的社会功能64

二、森林旅游业所发挥的社会效益也有自己的特色64

一、组成森林旅游业的旅游客体与一般旅游业的不同64

4．6 General situation of development of forest tourism industry of China65

一、中国建立森林旅游区的步伐65

第六节 中国发展森林旅游业概况65

三、必须最大限度地发挥生态效益65

4．5．3 Maximizing ecological benefits65

4．6．1 Progress of establishment of forest tourism regions65

4．6．2 Carrying capacity of forest tourism industry of China67

二、中国森林旅游业的接待能力67

4．6．3 Status of business of forest tourism industry of China69

三、中国森林旅游业经营情况69

一、导游员的类别71

4．7．1 Types of guides71

4．7 Forest tourism guides71

第七节 森林旅游导游员71

4．7．2 Conditions of being guides72

二、导游人员应具备的素质或条件72

4．7．3 Responsibility of guide73

三、导游员主要职责73

四、导游员职业等级74

4．7．4 Qualification grades of guides74

Chapter 5 Survey and Assessment of Forest Tourism Resources78

5．1 Concept and classification of forest tourism resources78

5．1．2 Researches on classification of forest tourism resources78

第五章 森林旅游资源的调查与评价78

第一节 森林旅游资源的概念与分类78

一、森林旅游资源的概念78

二、旅游资源分类的研究概况78

5．1．1 Concept of forest tourism resources78

三、旅游资源分类方法评述81

5．1．3 Methodology of classification of forest tourism resources81

五、森林旅游资源分类参考目录82

四、研究森林旅游资源分类的原则82

5．1．5 Referential catalogue of classification of forest tourism resources82

5．1．4 Principles applied in research on classification of forest tourism resources82

5．2 Elaboration of aesthetics of forest tourism resources84

5．2．1 Formal beauty84

第二节 森林旅游资源审美的讨论84

一、形象美84

5．2．2 Colour beauty85

5．2．3 Static and active beauty85

5．2．4 Hearing beauty85

二、色彩美85

三、静态美与动态美85

四、听觉美85

五、嗅觉美85

5．2．5 Smell beauty85

六、结构美86

七、综合美86

5．2．6 Structure beauty86

5．2．7 Integration beauty86

5．2．8 Connotation beauty86

5．3 Survey of forest tourism resources86

5．3．1 Indoor preparations86

八、内涵美86

第三节 森林旅游资源调查86

一、内业准备工作86

二、森林旅游资源调查的方式88

5．3．2 Methods of survey of forest tourism resources88

5．3．3 Contents of survey of forest tourism resources89

三、森林旅游资源调查内容89

5．3．4 Objects of survey of forest tourism resources and glossary of records90

四、森林旅游资源调查对象与记载用语90

五、整理总结94

5．3．5 Summing-up94

5．4 Assessment of forest tourism resources94

第四节 森林旅游资源评价94

5．4．1 Contents and criteria of assessment of tourism resources95

一、旅游资源评价的内容和标准95

二、旅游资源评价的方法98

5．4．2 Methods of assessment of forest tourism resources98

三、旅游资源评价方法浅析108

5．4．3 Preliminary analysis of assessment methods108

6．1 Concept on market of forest tourist source111

第六章 森林旅游客源市场调查与评价111

Chapter 6 Survey and Assessment of Markets of Forest Tourist Source111

第一节 关于森林旅游市场的一些概念性问题111

6．1．1 Classified by geographical location and environment112

二、按消费特点划分112

一、按地理位置环境划分112

6．1．2 Classified by consumption modality112

三、按人口的结构和人的生理特点划分113

6．1．3 Classified by population structure and features of human physiology113

6．2 Economic survey of a region of forest tourist source114

四、按社会属性及职业特点划分114

6．1．4 Classified by social attributes and professions114

第二节 森林旅游客源区人口经济调查114

一、客源区人口经济状况116

6．2．1 Economic situation of a region of forest tourist source116

6．2．2 Types of economic sectors of a region of forest tourist source and its level of development118

二、客源区社会经济部门的类型和发展水平118

四、客源区节假日情况119

三、环境污染状况119

6．2．4 Holidays of a region of forest tourist source119

6．2．3 Environmental pollution119

五、客源区近年居民旅游情况调查120

6．2．5 Data of touristry activities in a region of forest tourist source in the past years120

6．2．6 Data of touristry visits of the region where tour agency operates to its adjacent tourism regions121

六、邻近区域近年接待客源区旅游者情况调查121

七、邻近区域近年交通状况122

6．2．7 Transportation of adjacent tourism regions in the past years122

6．3．2 Direct survey124

6．3．1 Indirect survey124

6．3 Methods and modes of survey124

一、间接调查法124

二、直接调查法124

第三节 调查方法与调查方式124

三、调查方式126

6．3．3 Modes of survey126

6．4．2 Estimation of number of tourists and their consumption ability127

第四节 客源区的旅游市场潜力预测127

一、准备工作127

二、关于预测预期来游人次和人次旅游消费能力127

6．4．1 Preparatory work127

6．4 Estimation of market potentials of a region of tourist source127

6．4．3 Zoning of tourism markets128

三、对旅游市场进行区划128

6．4．4 Assessment of tourism markets129

6．4．5 Selection of target markets129

五、目标市场的选择129

四、旅游市场评价129

7．1．1 Concept of a study of regional development of forest tourism132

第一节 区域森林旅游发展战略研究的概念和任务132

第七章 区域森林旅游发展战略研究132

一、区域森林旅游发展战略研究的概念132

Chapter 7 A Study of Regional Strategic Development of Forest Tourism132

7．1 Concept and task of a study of regional development of forest tourism132

二、区域森林旅游发展战略研究的任务133

7．1．2 Task of a study of regional development of forest tourism133

一、森林旅游资源类型是决定区域森林旅游发展方向的首要依据134

7．2 Qualitative analysis of development perspectives applied in assessment of regional forest tourism134

7．2．1 Type of forest tourism resources is one of the most important bases in decisionmaking on development direction of regional forest tourism134

第二节 关于评估区域森林旅游发展前景的定性分析134

二、客源区社会经济状况及主要旅游市场对森林旅游产品的需求是决定区域森林旅游未来市场定位的另一重要依据135

7．2．2 Socio-economic situation of tourist source region and demand of major tourism markets for forest tourism products represent second important basis of positioning of future market of regional forest tourism135

四、森林旅游资源的品位与丰度对区域森林旅游业的发展前景有重大意义136

7．2．3 Impact o f traffic conditions and accessibility between tourist source region and tourism region on positioning of tourism market136

7．2．4 Importance of quality and richness of forest tourism resources in development of regional forest tourism perspective136

三、客源区与本区域之间交通条件的通畅程度对旅游市场定位也有影响136

五、开发利用条件是森林旅游发展前景的限制性要素138

第三节 关于评估森林旅游业发展前景的定量分析138

一、森林旅游发展规模的表达与指标体系138

7．2．5 Conditions of development are the constraints of developing forest tourism perspective138

7．3 Quantitative analysis of development perspectives applied in assessment of forest tourism industry138

7．3．1 Expressions of development scale of forest tourism and indicators system138

二、森林旅游发展前景定量评估的理论与方法139

7．3．2 Theory and method of quantitative assessment of development perspectives of forest tourism139

7．4．1 Principal rationale applied in a study on development objectives and layout of forest tourism143

第四节 研究森林旅游发展目标和总体布局应遵循的原则与方法143

一、研究森林旅游发展目标和总体布局应遵循的基本原理143

7．4 Principles and methods applied in a study on layout of forest tourism143

7．4．2 Factors to be considered in a study on layout of regional forest tourism144

二、研究区域森林旅游总体布局应考虑的因子144

7．4．3 Drawings and documented argumentation necessary for regional layout145

7．5 Measures and solutions necessary for development of regional forest tourism145

三、区域总体布局的图件与文字论证145

第五节 发展区域森林旅游必须制定的对策与措施145

二、吸引社会服务行业参与发展区域森林旅游业的政策146

一、解决资金问题的战略146

7．5．4 Study on a policy about sharing rights with farmers146

三、集聚人才的战略146

四、研究同农民划分权利的政策146

7．5．3 Strategy of development of human resources146

7．5．2 Policy on attracting social service industries to join regional forest tourism industry146

7．5．1 Strategy on funding146

六、森林旅游中的环境保护问题147

五、区域森林旅游业的管理体制和运作机制147

七、森林旅游管理问题147

7．5．5 Management mechanism and operation mechanism of regional forest tourism147

7．5．6 Environmental protection in forest tourism147

7．5．7 Management of forest tourism147

7．5．8 Relationship with master plan147

八、与总体规划的关系147

8．1．1 Results of strategic study embodied in master plan of regional forest tourism148

Chapter 8 Master Plan of Regional Forest Tourism148

8．1 Contents and outputs of master plan of regional forest tourism148

一、区域森林旅游总体规划应该反映的战略研究成果148

8．1．2 Master plan of regional forest tourism and its achievements148

二、区域森林旅游总体规划及主要成果148

第八章 区域森林旅游总体规划148

第一节 区域森林旅游总体规划应该包罗的内容和提交的成果148

8．2．1 Steps applied in formulating master plan of regional forest tourism150

第二节 区域森林旅游总体规划的步骤与方法150

一、区域森林旅游总体规划的步骤150

8．2 Steps and methods applied in formulating master plan of regional forest tourism150

二、森林旅游分区与发展前景评估151

8．2．2 Zoning of forest tourism region and assessment of development perspective151

三、论证文件的编制152

四、总体规划图件的编制152

8．2．4 Preparation of maps and drawings of master plan152

8．2．3 Preparation of documents for justification152

第三节 区域森林旅游总体规划中应处理好的关系154

三、争取将区域森林旅游规划纳入当地社会经济发展规划154

一、处理好森林旅游与一般旅游业的关系154

二、分清森林旅游资源与一般旅游资源154

8．3．3 Master plan of regional forest tourism should be a component of local plan of economic and social development154

8．3．2 Distinguishing forest tourism resources from ordinary tourism resources154

8．3．1 Relationship between forest tourism and ordinary tourism154

8．3 Important relationships during formulation master plan of regional forest tourism154

四、处理好区域森林旅游规划与乡村旅游规划的关系155

五、与当地已有的其他部门规划相衔接和协调155

六、处理好与旅游及其他有关部门的关系155

8．3．5 Coordination and linkage with local plans of other sectors155

8．3．6 Coordination with tourism sector and other sectors155

8．3．7 Sticking up for rights and benefits of forest tourism region and its industry155

8．3．8 Overall management of tourism industry155

八、服从旅游行业管理155

七、维护森林旅游区和森林旅游业的合法权益155

8．3．4 Relationship between master plan of regional forest tourism and rural tourism development plan155

8．3．9 Coordination and synergy among different parts of forestry156

九、处理好林业内部各方面的关系156

一、内容157

第九章 森林旅游区总体规划157

第一节 编制森林旅游区总体规划的内容和深度157

9．1．1 Contents157

二、深度157

9．1．2 Depth157

9．1 Contents and depth of master plan of forest tourism region157

Chapter 9 Master Plan of Forest Tourism Region157

第二节 森林旅游区总体规划的成果158

四、旅游区森林旅游资源状况及评价158

一、编制森林旅游区总体规划任务的由来158

二、编制森林旅游区总体规划的政策、法规依据158

三、森林旅游区基本情况158

9．2．4 Forest tourism resources and their assessment158

9．2．3 Introduction of forest tourism region158

9．2．2 Policies and regulations regarding master plan of forest tourism region158

9．2．1 Task and Justification of master plan of forest tourism region158

9．2 Outputs of master plan of forest tourism region158

五、旅游市场的地理分布与评价159

六、编制森林旅游区总体规划的指导思想与理论、方法159

七、森林旅游区的总体布局159

9．2．5 Geographic distribution of tourism markets and their assessment159

9．2．6 Guiding principles，theory and methodology of master plan of forest tourism region159

9．2．7 General layout of forest tourism region159

9．2．8 Planning and design of landscape and scenic objects of forest tourism region159

9．2．9 Planning and design of functional facilities of forest tourism region159

9．2．10 Guidelines of supporting facilities of forest tourism region159

八、森林旅游区的景物规划与设计159

九、森林旅游区功能设施规划与设计159

十、森林旅游区支持设施规则159

十一、保证体系规划160

十二、投资概算与效益评估160

十三、关于森林旅游区总体规划实施可能遇到的主要障碍因素及解决的途径160

十四、关于解决资金来源问题的设想160

十五、关于着重处理好与几个有关方面关系的建议160

第三节 编制森林旅游区总体规划的程序160

9．2．11 Planning of security system160

9．2．12 Investment estimates and appraisal of benefits160

9．2．13 Possible constraints and solutions during implementation of master plan of forest tourism region160

9．2．14 Concepts of fund raising160

9．2．15 Suggestions relating to interrelations of relevant sectors160

9．3 Procedures of formulating master plan of forest tourism region160

9．3．1 Pre-preparatory work160

9．3．2 Preparation160

一、前期工作160

二、准备工作160

三、编制规划161

9．3．3 Formulation of plan161

9．4．3 Principal methods and contents of management plan162

第四节 风景林经营方案162

一、编制经营方案的目的、意义162

二、编制经营方案的指导思想和基本原则162

三、编制森林经济方案的基本方法和内容162

9．4 Formulation of management plan of scenic forest162

9．4．2 Guiding concept and basis principles of management plan162

9．4．1 Purpose and importance of management plan162

一、森林旅游容量的概念和意义163

第五节 森林旅游容量规划与游人规模预测163

9．5 Planning of carrying capacity of forest tourism and estimation of tourist arrivals163

9．5．1 Concept of carrying capacity of forest tourism and its importance163

9．5．3 Calculation of carrying capacity of receiving tourist arrivals164

二、环境容量的调查测算164

9．5．2 Survey and estimation of environmental capacity164

三、游客容量的计算164

一、生态效益估测165

第六节 森林旅游区开发建设效益估测的依据与方法165

9．6 Theory and methods of estimation of benefits to be brought by development of forest tourism region165

9．6．1 Estimation of ecological benefits165

二、社会效益估测166

9．6．2 Estimation of social benefits166

三、经济效益估测167

9．6．3 Estimation of economic benefits167

9．6．4 Financial analysis and evaluation168

四、财务分析与评价168

9．7．2 Principle of budgetary estimate170

9．7．1 Justification of budgetary estimate170

9．7 Budgetary estimate of total investment of forest tourism region170

9．7．3 Method of budgetary estimate170

第七节 森林旅游区总体投资概算170

一、概算依据170

三、概算方法170

二、概算原则170

9．7．5 Table of budgetary estimate171

9．7．4 Budgetary estimate of investment according to categories171

四、分类概算投资171

五、投资概算表171

二、总体规划说明书编写的主要内容172

9．8．2 Major contents of annotation attached to master plan172

9．8 Outputs of master plan172

第八节 总体规划成果172

一、总体规划的内容及深度要求172

9．8．1 Requirement of master plan in terms of its contents and depth172

9．8．3 Mapping of master plan173

三、总体规划图绘制173

9．8．4 Annexes and attachments of master plan174

四、总体规划的有关附件、附录174

10．1．1 Principles and basis of division of scenic and functional zones175

Chapter 10 Planning of Scenic Zones and Functional Zones of Forest Tourism Region175

10．1 Division of scenic zones and functional zones175

第十章 森林旅游区景区、功能区的规划设计175

一、景区、功能区区划的原则和依据175

第一节 景区、功能区区划175

10．2 Aesthetic details of design and planning applied in division of scenic zones and functional zones177

二、景区、功能区区划177

第二节 景区、功能区规划设计的美学底蕴177

10．1．2 Division of scenic zones and functional zones177

一、形式美的表现形态178

10．2．1 Expression forms of formal beauty178

二、形式美的法则与应用179

10．2．2 Principles and application of formal beauty179

第三节 森林旅游区景色的规划设计180

一、景物的选择与配置的审美标准180

10．3．1 Aesthetic standards of selection and layout of scenes180

10．3 Planning and design of scenes of forest tourism region180

二、游人审美观以“约定俗成”为准181

10．3．2 Aesthetic judgment of tourists-accepted through common practice181

三、景物选择配置的原则182

10．3．3 Principles applied in selection and layout of scenes182

四、景物选择、配置的工作顺序183

10．3．4 Order of selection and layout of scenes183

六、景区、功能区规划设计成果185

五、景区、功能区建筑物造型设计问题185

第四节 关于人工建筑和园林小品185

10．3．5 Modeling design of buildings to be constructed in scenic and functional zones185

10．3．6 Outputs of design and planning of scenic and functional zones185

10．4 Man made constructions and gardening establishments185

一、山门186

10．4．1 Entrance186

二、游路187

10．4．2 Paths for tourists187

三、汀步、小桥189

四、栏杆或护栏189

10．4．4 Balustrade and guardrail189

10．4．3 Bridge and bridge-like stones189

10．4．5 Rock landscape190

10．4．6 Pavilions190

六、停190

五、石景190

10．5 Naming of forest tourism region，scenes and scenic establishments195

10．5．1 Names taken from famous toponym195

第五节 关于森林旅游区及景区、景物的命名195

一、用闻名遐迩的地名195

10．5．2 Names taken from toponym and people s name originated from fairy tales196

10．5．3 Names taken from classical opus and novels196

三、用古典小说、戏曲中的人物及地名196

二、用神话故事里人名、地名196

10．5．6 Giving a name in accordance with characteristics of scenes，zones and region197

10．5．5 Names taken from historical heroes and events197

10．5．4 Names taken from names of people or thing of famous poem197

四、借用著名诗词歌赋中人物或事物名称197

六、根据景物、景区、旅游区的特点命名197

五、用历史人物或事件命名197

七、名称宜美且语义鲜明198

10．5．7 Preferred names with clear and graceful meaning198

10．5．8 Avoidance of thoughts in naming198

八、几种不可取的命名思路198

10．6 Other problems in planning and design of scenes199

10．6．1 Historical ruins and relics199

一、关于历史遗址、遗迹199

第六节 关于景区规划设计中的若干其他问题199

二、关于当地提供的历史传说200

三、对古代名人轶事的处理方法200

10．6．3 Dealing with historical figures and anecdotes200

10．6．2 Local historical legend200

四、对现有神话故事和鬼怪传说的处理201

五、为增加景物而编写神话201

10．6．5 Composing myth for new scenes201

10．6．4 Dealing with legend and ghost story201

10．7 Creation of atmosphere of Chinese culture202

一、匾额202

第七节 关于营造中国文化氛围202

10．7．1 Inscribed tablets202

二、对联204

10．7．2 Couplets204

三、题刻206

10．7．3 Epigraph206

四、需要注意的问题207

10．7．4 Problems that should pay attention to207

Chapter 11 Planning of Supporting Facilities of Forest Tourism Region208

11．1 Categories and principles of supporting facilities of forest tourism region208

11．1．1 Categories of supporting facilities of forest tourism region208

第十一章 森林旅游区支持设施建设规划208

第一节 森林旅游区支持设施的分类与建设原则208

一、森林旅游区支持设施的种类208

11．1．2 Importance and necessity of supporting facilities209

二、、支持设施建设的重要性和必要性209

11．1．3 Principles of planning and construction of supporting facilities210

三、支持设施建设规划的基本原则210

11．2．1 Basis of planning of service facilities211

一、编制服务设施建设规划的依据211

第二节 森林旅游区服务设施建设规划211

11．2 Planning of construction of service facilities211

11．2．2 Selection of sites for service facilities212

11．2．3 Scale and standard of service facilities212

三、服务设施规模和标准212

二、服务设施建设的选址212

11．2．4 Preliminary design of service facilities214

四、服务设施建设初步设计214

11．3．2 Layout of roads and principle applied in of road construction and its justification215

11．3．1 Analysis of present status of roads215

11．3 Planning of roads in forest tourism region215

第三节 森林旅游区交通道路规划215

二、各种道路布局、建设的原则和依据215

一、交通道路现状分析215

11．3．4 Preliminary design of roads217

11．3．3 Standards applied in road construction and its justification217

三、各种道路建设的标准及依据217

四、道路建设初步设计217

一、供水规划219

第四节 森林旅游区基础设施规划219

11．4．1 Planning of water supply219

11．4 Planning of infrastructure of forest tourism region219

三、供电规划220

二、排水规划220

11．4．3 Planning of power supply220

11．4．2 Planning of water drainage220

四、供冷、供暖规划221

11．4．5 Planning of communication，broadcast and television221

11．4．4 Planning of indoor heating and cooling system221

五、通讯、广播、电视规划221

11．5 Planning of recreational facilities222

第五节 游乐设施规划222

一、森林旅游区需要的游乐设施种类222

11．5．1 Sorts of recreational facilities222

二、游乐设施规划原则223

11．5．2 Principles applied in planning of recreational facilities223

12．1 Characteristics of management of forest tourism region224

12．1．2 Natural beauty is the most outstanding feature of forest tourism region224

12．1．1 Ecological protection is precondition of management of forest tourism region224

第十二章 森林旅游区的经营管理224

第一节 森林旅游区经营管理的特点224

一、生态保护是森林旅游区管理工作的根本前提224

二、自然美是森林旅游区最突出的特色224

Chapter 12 Management of Forest Tourism Region224

12．1．5 Difference in service objects and tourism requirement225

12．1．3 Forest tourism region is a window of spiritual civilization development in China225

12．1．6 Management of forest tourism region if a dynamic systems engineering225

12．1．4 Seasonal change of tourists is a dilemma of management of forest tourism region225

12．2 Major contents of management of forest tourism region225

三、森林旅游区是社会主义精神文明建设的窗口和阵地225

四、客流量的季节性变化是森林旅游区经营管理的突出难题225

五、服务对象和旅游需求的差异性225

六、森林旅游区管理是动态的系统工程225

第二节 森林旅游区经营管理的主要内容225

12．2．5 Respect of property right226

12．2．4 Formulation and implementation of a policy for contesting tourism market226

12．2．3 Perfection of management system226

12．2．2 Formulation and implementation of management measures226

12．2．1 Development targets226

五、明晰产权制度226

一、制定发展目标226

二、制定和实施管理决策226

三、完善经营管理体系226

四、制定和实施旅游市场竞争取胜策略226

12．2．6 Protection and management of forest tourism resources227

六、森林旅游资源保护管理227

12．3．1 Concept， composition and management of assets of forest tourism resources228

12．3 Assessment and management of assets of forest tourism resources228

第三节 森林旅游资源资产评估与管理228

一、森林旅游资源资产的概念、组成与属性228

12．3．2 Assessment of assets of forest tourism resources230

二、森林旅游资源资产评估230

12．3．3 Management of assets of forest tourism resources232

三、森林旅游资源资产管理232

一、建立森林旅游区现代化经营机制的概念和意义233

12．4．2 Basic contents of modern management mechanism of forest tourism region233

12．4．1 Concept and importance of modern management mechanism of forest tourism region233

12．4 Modern management mechanism233

第四节 现代化经营机制233

二、森林旅游区现代化经营机制的基本内容233

三、提高经营管理水平的途径235

12．4．3 Approaches of improving management235

12．5．1 Management of tourists236

第五节 森林旅游活动管理236

12．5 Management of forest tourism activities236

一、游人管理236

三、安全管理237

12．5．4 Management of environment sanitation237

12．5．3 Safety management237

12．5．2 Public security management237

四、环境卫生管理237

二、治安管理237

12．5．7 Management of tour transport238

12．5．6 Management of guide service238

12．5．5 Management of service stands238

五、服务摊点管理238

六、导游服务管理238

七、旅游交通管理238

第六节 风景林经营管理239

八、娱乐服务管理239

12．6 Management of scenic forest239

12．5．8 Management of recreational service239

一、科学经营风景林的必要性240

12．6．2 Technique of maintenance of scenic forest240

12．6．1 Necessity of management of scenic forest240

二、风景林培育技术240

13．1．1 Impact of tourism on eco-environment243

13．1 Eco-environmental Protection of forest tourism region243

Chapter 13 Environmental Protection of Forest Tourism Region243

第十三章 森林旅游区环境保护243

第一节 森林旅游区生态环境的保护243

一、旅游给生态环境带来巨大冲击243

13．1．2 Human intervention is a major factor of environmental degradation245

二、人为破坏是生态环境恶化的主因245

三、正确认识森林旅游与生态环境保护的关系246

13．1．3 Right recognition of relationship between forest tourism and eco-environmental protection246

13．1．5 Strengthening of forest legislation and enforcement247

13．1．4 Formulation of forest management plan of forest tourism region247

五、不断强化立法和执法247

四、重新编制森林旅游区森林经营方案247

13．1．6 Raising public awareness on environmental protection through broad and repeated advocacy and education248

六、广泛地反复地进行宣传教育，提高全社会的环保意识248

13．2．1 Relationship of eco-environment with scenic and natural resources in forest tourism region249

13．2 Protection of scenes and natural resources249

13．2．2 Importance of protection of scenic and natural resources249

第二节 景观和自然资源保护249

一、森林旅游区景观资源和自然资源与生态环境的关系249

二、保护景观资源和自然资源的意义249

三、保护工作必须充分利用已有的法律、法规和政策250

13．2．3 Protection through enforcement of existing laws，regulations and policies250

四、保护工作中需要注意的问题251

第三节 景观生态系统稳定性的保护251

一、景观生态系统的特点及其发展规律251

13．2．4 Important issues encountered in protection251

13．3 Protection of stability of scenic ecosystems251

13．3．1 Characteristics and development law of scenic ecosystem251

13．3．2 Importance of stability of scenic ecosystem and its features252

二、景观生态系统稳定的重要性及其特征252

三、保护景观生态系统稳定性的理论依据与途径253

13．3．3 Theory and approaches of protection of stability of scenic ecosystem253

13．4．2 Planning of environmental protecition256

13．4．1 Importance of environmental protection and safety facilities256

第四节 环境保护和安全设施规划256

二、环境保护规划256

13．4 Planning of environmental protection and safety facilities256

一、环境保护和安全设施的重要性256

13．4．3 Planning of safety facilities258

13．4．4 Planning of control of forest fire and disease258

三、安全设施规划258

四、森林防火和病虫害防治规划258

13．4．5 Planning of greening259

五、绿化规划259

14．1．1 Characteristics of forest tourism products261

14．1 Characteristics of forest tourism products and their classification261

Chapter 14 Products of Forest Tourism and Their Marketing261

第十四章 森林旅游产品和营销261

第一节 森林旅游产品的特点和分类261

一、森林旅游产品的特点261

14．1．2 Classification of forest tourism products263

二、森林旅游产品的分类263

三、森林旅游产品的构成及营销方式264

14．1．3 Composition of forest tourism products and their marketing modes264

14．1．4 Quality of forest tourism products265

四、森林旅游产品质量265

14．2．1 Principles of development of forest tourism products266

14．2．2 Justification of development of forest tourism products266

二、森林旅游产品开发的依据266

一、森林旅游产品开发的原则266

第二节 森林旅游产品的开发266

14．2 Development of forest tourism products266

14．2．3 Approaches and methods of development of forest tourism products267

三、森林旅游产品开发的途径和方法267

14．3 Marketing of forest tourism products269

第三节 森林旅游市场营销269

14．3．2 Marketing modes of forest tourism270

14．3．1 Principles of marketing of forest tourism products270

二、森林旅游营销方式270

一、森林旅游营销原则270

14．3．3 Decision making in terms of products271

三、产品决策271

五、促销组合决策272

四、营销渠道决策272

14．3．4 Decision making in terms of marketing channel272

14．3．5 Decision making in terms of market promotion272

六、广告宣传决策273

14．3．6 Decision making in terms of advertisement273

七、季节价格策略274

14．3．7 Strategy on seasonal pricing274

参考文献275

References275

附录 中国部分森林旅游区和森林旅游企业简介278

Annex:278

Brief Accounts of Forest Tourism Regions and Forest Tourism Enterprises（Part）278

Beijing Forest Tourism Development Corporation278

北京市森林旅游开发公司278

Zhangjiajie National Forest Park282

张家界国家森林公园282

Qiandaonu Lake National Forest Park286

千岛湖国家森林公园286

Liuxihe River National Forest Park288

流溪河国家森林公园288

Fuzhou National Forest Park294

福州国家森林公园294

秦皇岛海滨国家森林公园297

Haibin National Forest Park，Qinhuangsdao City297

Huoshankou National Forest Park300

火山口国家森林公园300

青海湖鸟岛揽胜303

Niaodao Island（Bird Island）of Qinghaihu Lake303

灵岩洞国家森林公园308

Lingyandong National Forest Park308

太白国家森林公园313

Taibai National Forest Park313

楼观台国家森林公园314

Louguantai National Forest Park314

云南玉龙山与老君山316

Yulong Mountain（Jade Dragon Mountain）and Laojunshan Mountain，Yunnan Province316

Shangfangshan National Forest Park，Suzhou City317

苏州上方山国家森林公园317

Beishan National Forest Park319

北山国家森林公园319

姑婆山国家森林公园320

Guposhan National Forest Park320

野梅岭森林公园323

万佛山森林公园323

Yemeiling Forest Park323

Wanfoshan Forest Park323

鹫峰国家森林公园324

Jiufeng National Forest Park324

瓦屋山国家森林公园326

Wawushan National Forest Park326

Saihanba National Forest Park335

塞罕坝国家森林公园335

玉山国家公园339

Yu Shan National Park339

牡丹峰国家森林公园340

Mudanfeng（Peony Peak）National Forest Park340

Huangyangshan National Forest Park341

黄阳山森林公园341

Three Scenes of Panxian County343

盘县三景343