SEEKING SECURITY PRE-EMPTING THE COMMISSION OF CRIMINAL HARMSPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Seeking Security： An Introduction&G R Sullivan and Ian Dennis1

1 Identification， Surveillance and Profiling： On the Use and Abuse of Citizen Data&Malcolm Thorburn15

Ⅰ Introduction15

Ⅱ Population Data versus Personal Data20

Ⅲ Identification21

Ⅳ Surveillance27

Ⅴ Profiling31

Ⅵ （Tentative） Conclusions34

2 On the Legitimacy of Imposing Direct and Indirect Obligations to Disclose Information on Non-Suspects&Shlomit Wallerstein37

Ⅰ The Old Law39

Ⅱ The Abolition of Misprision of Felony41

Ⅲ The New Regime and the Exceptions to the General Rule45

A The General Principle45

B The First Exception -Money Laundering48

C The Second Exception - Counter-Terrorism48

Ⅳ The Justifiability of the New Regime50

A Distinguishing Direct from Indirect Obligation to Disclose Information50

B Personal Choice and Participation in Crime52

C The Objective for which Information is Required54

D The Severity of the Harm56

E Special Relationships and the Duty to Disclose57

3 Prophylactic Crimes&AP Simester59

Ⅰ A Spectrum of Prophylactic Offences61

Ⅱ Limited Non-Negotiable Constraints64

Ⅲ Supplementary Constraints on Prophylactic Crimes66

A Wrongful Action66

B A Nexus Requirement67

C Arbitrary Dispensations69

Ⅳ Preparatory Offences69

Ⅴ Possible Constraints on Preparatory Offences71

A The Attempt-Preparation Divide in Inchoate Offences72

B Motive-Dependent Wrongfulness？73

C A Negotiable Matter？75

Ⅵ Necessitous Over-inclusion76

A Necessity Rather than Self-Defence76

B Excluded Reasons for Criminalisation： Fundamental Rights？77

Ⅶ In Closing78

4 Harmless Wrongdoing and the Anticipatory Perspective on Criminalisation&Jeremy Horder79

Ⅰ Introduction79

Ⅱ Anticipatory and Harm-Done Perspectives on Criminalisation：An Outline80

Ⅲ Minimalism： Who Really Believes In It？85

Ⅳ The Anticipatory Perspective on Criminalisation92

A Harm Done， Deterrent Value and what Counts against Criminalisation92

B The Explanatory Power of the Anticipatory Perspective：Direct Harm Risked95

C The Explanatory Power of the Anticipatory Perspective：Harm Risked Indirectly96

Ⅴ Conclusion： The Anticipatory Perspective and Criminal Law’s Changing Landscape100

5 Risk and Inchoate Crimes： Retribution or Prevention？&Larry Alexander and Kimberly Kessler Ferzan103

Ⅰ Introduction103

Ⅱ Inchoate Crimes105

Ⅲ Are Inchoate Crimes Culpable？106

A The Centrality of Intending a Culpable Act to the Case for the Culpability of Inchoate Crimes107

B Is Intending a Culpable Act Itself a Culpable Act？110

Ⅳ Inchoate Crimes and Dangerousness119

6 Risks， Culpability and Criminal Liability&RA Duff121

Ⅰ Introduction： Inchoate Offences in the Criminal Law121

Ⅱ Unleashing Risk126

Ⅲ A Radically Narrowed Criminal Law？130

Ⅳ Moral Culpability without Unleashing Risk132

Ⅴ Criminal Liability and Moral Culpability139

7 Preventive Detention at the Margins of Autonomy&John Stanton-Ife143

Ⅰ Introduction143

Ⅱ Civil Detention of the Mentally Disordered and the Subversion of the Criminal Law146

Ⅲ Three Issues： Autonomy， Unjust Discrimination and the Right to be Irrational154

A The Diminished Autonomy Justification155

B Two Conceptions of Minimal Autonomy156

C The Diminished Autonomy Justification Again163

D Unjust Discrimination and the Right to be Irrational164

Ⅳ Conclusion167

8 Security， Risk and Preventive Orders&Ian Dennis169

Ⅰ Introduction169

Ⅱ Why have Preventive Orders become Common Techniques of Crime Control？172

Ⅲ Criticisms of Preventive Orders181

A ProcessIssues181

B Substantive Issues183

Ⅳ Reviewing Preventive Orders： Where Do We Go from Here？186

Ⅴ Conclusion190

9 Imprisonment under the Precautionary Principle&Peter Ramsay193

Ⅰ Imprisonment for Public Protection195

A The Test of Dangerousness195

B The Presumption of Dangerousness197

C Imprisonment under the Precautionary Principle200

D The Wrong of Dangerousness204

Ⅱ The Ethics of Precaution206

A Ignorance as an Ethical Foundation209

B Precaution as Moral Order210

Ⅲ After IPP： Extended Determinate Sentences and Mandatory Life214

Ⅳ Conclusion217

10 Erring on the Side of Safety： Risk Assessment， Expert Knowledge，and the Criminal Court&Lucia Zedner219

Ⅰ The Right to be Presumed Free from Harmful Intentions221

Ⅱ Applying Risk Labels224

Ⅲ Justifying Intervention on Grounds of Risk230

Ⅳ Re-Assessing Risk Assessment232

Ⅴ Who is to Decide？ Psychiatric versus Legal Determinations234

Ⅵ Conclusion240

11 The Test for Dangerousness&Martin Wasik243

Ⅰ Background243

Ⅱ The Original Dangerous Offender Scheme244

Ⅲ The Revised Dangerous Offender Scheme246

Ⅳ The Test for Dangerousness248

A Significant Risk248

B Significant Risk of Serious Harm249

C To Members of the Public250

D By the Commission by Him of Further Specified Offences250

Ⅴ The Information Base251

Ⅵ Three Examples254

Ⅶ Judges and the Assessment of Risk257

Ⅷ Thresholds of Risk / Seriousness258

Ⅸ Conclusion262

12 Culpability in Self-defence and Crime Prevention&Jonathan Rogers265

Ⅰ The Rules and Deficiencies in the Criminal Law268

A Two Problems272

Ⅱ Self-Defence， Violence and Legal Principles276

A One Culpable Motivation and One Culpable Attitude277

B Evidence of the Culpable Motive and Attitude280

Ⅲ Non-Imminent Offences284

Ⅳ Stage Agents and Private Citizens287

Ⅴ Conclusions291

13 The Hard Treatment of Innocent Persons in State Responses to the Threat of Large Scale， and Imminent Terrorist Violence： Examining the Legal Constraints&G R Sullivan293

Ⅰ Terrorist Violence： Large Scale and Imminent293

Ⅱ Innocent Persons and State Action297

Ⅲ Justification， Excuse and Permissibility300

Ⅳ Hard Treatment of Innocent Persons305

A Innocent Persons Harmed due to their Close Proximity to State Interventions Made against Terrorists305

B Innocent Persons known not to be Terrorists or Complicit with Terrorists but whose Harsh Treatment May Avert or Mitigate Imminent Terrorist Attacks309

C Persons who are Assumed by Officials to be Terrorists or Complicit with Terrorists but in Fact Have No Terrorist Connection and No Knowledge nor Influence on Future Terrorist Attacks314

Ⅴ Terrorism in the United Kingdom319

Ⅵ Conclusion321

Index323