THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN A NUTSHELLPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Chapter One. Introduction1

A. Understanding Modern China in its Historical Context1

1. The Underpinnings of Modern China and its Legal System3

2. China's Twentieth Century Journey to Modernity9

3. The People's Republic of China14

4. Lessons From the Cultural Revolution and Tiananmen Square18

5. China's Economy, 1949-7820

a. The Collectivization of Agriculture22

b. Industry and The State Enterprise System22

c. Social Welfare Functions of SOEs25

6. China's Refbrms, 197826

a. Reforms in the Agricultural Sector28

b. Reforms in the State Sector29

7. China's Economy since 197832

a. The Role of Foreign Investment in China's Development33

b. Standard of Living35

8. Major Themes From China's Journey to Modernity36

Chapter Two. The History of Law in Imperial and Modern China39

A. Society, Morality, and Law in Imperial China40

1. The Role of Law in Imperial China45

a. Law and Divine Authority45

b. Individual Rights46

c. Equality Before the Law47

d. Law as Distinguished from Morality48

e. Separation of Powers and Judicial Independence49

f. Lack of a Developed Civil and Commercial Law50

g. The Legal Profession in Imperial China53

B. Law in Modern China, 1912-197853

1. The Legal System after 197856

a. Law as a Lesson from the Cultural Revolution57

b. Law and Economic Development59

c. The Role of Law at this Stage in China's History61

Chapter Three. Constitution, State Structure, and Human Rights67

A. The Role of the Constitution in Nation States68

B. The Nature of Constitutions in the PRC70

C. A Historical Survey of Constitutions in the PRC71

D. Basic Features of the 1982 Constitution75

1. The State Structure79

a. Levels of the State81

(1) Local Levels82

(2) Relationship of the Central and Local Level Authorities86

b. The National People's Congress87

c. The NPC Standing Committee91

d. Powers of the NPC Standing Committee95

e. The State Council96

f. President of the PRC101

g. The Central Military Commission103

2. Human Rights105

3. Constitutional Rights109

E. The Constitution and the State113

Chapter Four. The Communist Party of China115

A. The Role of the CPC in Chinese Society116

1. History of the CPC118

2. Other Political Parties120

3. The Structure of the CPC122

4. Lower Level CPC Organizations127

5. Party Control and the Nomenklatura System128

6. Party Control and the Question of Legitimacy131

7. Ideology Campaigns135

a. Purposes Served by Ideology Campaigns138

b. Ideology and the Party's Authority138

8. De Jure and De Facto Government140

Chapter Five. Legislative Authority and Legal Interpretation142

A. Legislative Authority in the PRC Legal System142

B. Legislative Organs145

1. Legislative Process of the National People's Congress157

2. Legislative Process of the NPC Standing Committee160

3. Legislative Process of The State Council162

4. Legislation at Local Levels165

5. International Law as a Source of Law167

C. Legal Interpretation168

1. China's System of Legal Interpretation170

D. The Role of the Communist Party in LawMaking178

E. Issues With the Current Legislative System184

1. Unclear Boundaries of Authority185

2. Acting Without a Clear Basis of Authority187

3. Competing and Conflicting Norms189

4. Legal Norms and Party Documents190

Chapter Six. Courts and Proeuratorates192

A. The Role of the Courts195

1. Party Influence and the Courts197

2. The Structure of the Court System199

3. Court Personnel202

4. Jurisdiction of the People's Courts205

a. Basic People's Courts205

b. Intermediate People's Courts206

c. High People's Courts207

d. The Supreme People's Court208

5. The Process of the Courts in Deciding Cases209

6. Law Reports211

7. Reopening Final Judgments by Adjudication Supervision213

B. The Role of the Procuratorates215

C. Issues With the Current Judicial System217

1. Judicial Independence and Related Issues217

2. Local Protectionism and Related Issues221

3. Enforcement of Judgments and Related Issues223

Chapter Seven. Lawyers and the Legal Profession225

A. Lawyers in the PRC, 1949-1982226

B. Lawyers in the PRC, 1982-1996227

C. The Lawyers Law, 1996230

1. Regulation and Disciplining of Lawyers233

2. Law Firms234

a. Compensation and Billing Rates in PRC Law Firms236

D. PRC Lawyers With Foreign Degrees239

E. Foreign Law Firms and Foreign Lawyers242

F. Notaries244

G. Current Issues With the Legal Profession246

1. Independence of Lawyers246

2. Professional Competence249

3. Professional Ethics252

Chapter Eight. Procedural Law255

A. The Criminal Procedure Law257

1. The Criminal Process in the PRC259

a. The Role of the Public Security Organs259

b. Detention261

c. Custody After Arrest262

d. Other Changes in the 1996 Revision of the CPL Affecting the Police263

e. Public Perception of the Public Security Organs265

f. The Decision to Prosecute267

g. Limits on Proseeutorial Discretion269

h. Adjudication270

i. Procedure on Appeal273

j. Adjudication Supervision in Criminal Cases274

k. Presumption of Innocence275

l. Right to Counsel and Role of Defense Lawyers276

m. Future Directions for the Criminal Justice Process in the PRC280

B. The Law of Civil Procedure280

1. Basic Structure of the Law of Civil Procedure281

a. Initiating the Lawsuit282

b. Pre-Trial Relief and Related Measures284

c. Trial Procedure286

d. Appeals and Adjudication Supervision288

e. Enforcement of Judgments289

f. Cases Involving Foreign Elements290

C. The Law of Administrative Procedure293

1. The Administrative Litigation Law and the Administrative Review Regulations293

2. The State Compensation Law298

3. The Administrative Penalties Law300

D. Mediation and Arbitration304

E. PRC Procedural Law and International Standards308

Chapter Nine. Substantive Law310

A. Criminal Law311

1. Less Overtly Political312

2. Equality Before the Law313

3. Proportionality314

4. Abolition of Crimes by Analogy315

5. Specific Offenses and New Offenses317

a. Crimes of Counterrevolution and Crimes Against the State317

b. Other Categories of Crime319

c. Elements of a Crime321

d. Punishments323

B. Civil and Economic Law324

1. The General Principles of Civil Law327

a. The Subjects of Civil Law327

b. Civil Rights329

(1) Property Rights330

(2) Creditors' Rights333

(3) Personal Rights334

c. Civil Obligations and Liabilities335

d. Limitations and Other Issues336

2. Other Major Economic and Civil Laws337

a. Contract Law337

b. The Unified Contract Law341

(1) Salient Provisions and Structure of the UCL344

(2) Contract Formation345

(3) Validity of Contracts346

(4) Performance, Modification, and Termination347

(5) Liability for Breach349

c. The Company Law350

(1) Business Forms under the Company Law353

(2) Limited Liability and the Legal Representative354

(3) Foreign Investment Enterprises and the Company Law355

(4) Reform Objectives of the Company Law356

d. Family Law358

C. Administrative Law363

Chapter Ten. Foreign Investment368

A. Forms of Foreign Direct Investment368

1. The Joint Venture370

a. Equity and Contractual Joint Ventures371

b. Establishing the Joint Venture373

(1) The Approval Process and Approval Authorities376

c. Management Structure of the Joint Venture384

(1) Management Control Issues385

2. The Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise388

a. Establishing the WFOE389

(1) The Approval Process and Approval Authorities391

b. Conversion and Reorganization of a Joint Venture into a WFOE395

3. The Holding Company396

a. Prerequisites for Application398

b. The Approval Process and Approval Authorities400

c. Permitted Scope of Business401

(1) The Holding Company as Investor in FIEs403

(2) The Holding Company as a Management Center405

d. Current Issues with the Holding Company407

e. The China Group or Conglomerate409

Chapter Eleven. Intellectual Property410

A. Intellectual Property in Chinese History410

B. Intellectual Property in Modern China412

1. US-China Bilateral Negotiations413

2. China's Current Legal Framework416

a. Trademark Legislation418

(1) Eligibility for Trademark Protection418

(2) Registration System419

(3) Trademark Infringement422

b. Patent Legislation424

(1) Eligibility for Patent424

(2) Application Process425

(3) Patent Infringement427

c. Copyright Legislation428

(1) Copyright Eligibility and Rights428

(2) Infringement430

(3) Computer Software Legislation431

d. Trade Secrets433

C. Problems of Commercial Piracy433

1. Copyright Piracy434

2. Trademark Counterfeiting435

3. Barriers to Effective Enforcement Against Counterfeiting438

a. Local Protectionism439

b. Lack of Adequate Sanctions and Criminal Prosecutions442

c. Problems in the Private Enforcement Industry445

4. The Effect of TRIPS on Commercial Piracy in China449

5. Lobbying by Brand Owners450

Chapter Twelve. Reference Tools for Further Research452

A. Internet Resources and Electronic Databases452

B. Treatises, Looseleaf Reference Services, and Books455

C. Journals and Periodicals458

INDEX461