图书介绍
第二语言学习的条件 英文PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载
- （以色列）Bernard Spolsky著 著
- 出版社： 上海：上海外语教育出版社
- ISBN：7810468596
- 出版时间：2000
- 标注页数：272页
- 文件大小：12MB
- 文件页数：287页
- 主题词：语言学
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图书目录
ContentSIntroduction1
The task of a general theory1
Other models5
1 A general theory of second language learning11
Features of a general theory11
Conditions for second language learning14
An overview25
Interlanguage30
2 Knowing a language30
Variability36
Variety of language41
3 Knowing how to use a language46
Duality of knowledge and skills46
Communicative competence51
The view from theory56
4 Structures and functions59
The approach from language testing59
Testing structural knowledge60
Testing integrated functions61
Necessary or imposed order65
Goals for learning Hebrew—an example66
5 Measuring knowledge of a second language71
The idea of general proficiency71
Relating the models76
Linguistic outcomes in a general theory78
6 The psycholinguistic basis83
The human learner83
The argument from linguistic theory89
The relevance of age91
7 Ability and personality100
Individual differences100
Intelligence102
Aptitude104
Learning styles and strategies108
Personality110
Anxiety in second language learning113
8 The linguistic basis117
Contrastive analysis117
Universals and contrastive analysis121
Universals and second language learning124
9 The social context131
Social factors131
The stylistic dimension136
The acculturation model142
10 Attitudes and motivation148
Language learning motivation148
The socio-educational model154
Attitudes，motivation，and acculturation157
Social basis of motivation160
11 Opportunities for second language learning166
Opportunities for learning166
Informal and formallearning170
Pidginization and creolization173
Foreigner talk178
12 Formal instruction187
The nature and effect of input187
The value of formalinstruction193
The approach from teaching197
Testing a preference model202
13 Testing the model202
Defining the outcomes204
Ability and personality205
Anxiety207
Attitudes and rationales207
The effects of attitudes209
Opportunities for learning211
A causal model213
Choosing a model221
14 The form of a general theory221
Beyond the preference model225
Extension of the theory to language loss228
Conclusion229
AppendixCase study：Hebrew in a Jewish school232
The case study232
The reliability and validity of self-assessment233
Tables235
Bibliography and citation index244
Index265