数字与模拟通信系统 英文PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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1 INTRODUCTION1

1-1 Historical Perspective2

1-2 Digital and Analog Sources and Systems5

1-3 Deterministic and Random Waveforms6

1-4 Organization of the Book6

1-5 Use of a Personal Computer and MATLAB7

1-6 Block Diagram of a Communication System8

1-7 Frequency Allocations10

1-8 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves12

1-9 Information Measure16

1-10 Channel Capacity and Ideal Communication Systems18

1-11 Coding19

Block Codes,20

Convolutional Codes,22

Code Interleaving,25

Code Performance,25

Trellis-Coded Modulation,28

1-12 Preview29

1-13 Study-Aid Examples29

Problems30

2-1 Properties of Signals and Noise33

2 SIGNALS AND SPECTRA33

Physically Realizable Waveforms,34

Time Average Operator,35

Dc Value,36

Power,37

Rms Value and Normalized Power,39

Energy and Power Waveforms,40

Decibel,40

Phasors,42

Definition,43

2-2 Fourier Transform and Spectra43

Properties of Fourier Transforms,46

Parseval's Theorem and Energy Spectral Density,48

Dirac Delta Function and Unit Step Function,51

Rectangular and Triangular-Pulses,54

Convolution,58

2-3 Power Spectral Density and Autocorrelation Function61

Power Spectral Density,61

Autocorrelation Function,63

2-4 Orthogonal Series Representation of Signals and Noise65

Orthogonal Functions,65

Orthogonal Series,67

Complex Fourier Series,68

2-5 Fourier Series68

Quadrature Fourier Series,70

Polar Fourier Series,71

Line SpectraforPeriodic Waveforms,73

Power Spectral Density for Periodic Waveforms,77

2-6 Review of Linear Systems79

Linear Time-Invariant Systems,79

Impulse Response,79

Transfer Function,80

Distortionless Transmission,83

Distortion ofAudio,Video,and Data Signals,84

2-7 Bandlimited Signals and Noise86

Bandlimited Waveforms,86

Sampling Theorem,87

Impulse Sampling and Digital Signal Processing(DSP),90

Dimensionality Theorem,93

2-8 Discrete Fourier Transform94

Using the DFT to Compute the Continuous Fourier Transform,95

Using the DFT to Compute the FourierSeries,100

2-9 Bandwidth of Signals101

2-10 Summary110

2-11 Study-Aid Examples110

Problems115

3 BASEBAND PULSE AND DIGITAL SIGNALING128

3-1 Introduction128

3-2 Pulse Amplitude Modulation129

Natural Sampling(Gating),129

Instantaneous Sampling(Flat-Top PAM),133

3-3 Pulse Code Modulation137

Sampling,Quantizing,and Encoding,138

Practical PCM Circuits,138

Bandwidth ofPCMSignals,142

Effects of Noise,143

Nonuniform Quantizing:μ-Law and A-Law Companding,147

V.9056-kb/sPCMComputerModem,151

3-4 Digital Signaling152

Vector Representation,153

Bandwidth Estimation,155

Binary Signaling,156

Multilevel Signaling,158

3-5 Line Codes and Spectra160

Binary Line Coding,160

Power Spectra for Binary Line Codes,163

Differential Coding,169

Eye Patterns,170

Regenerative Repeaters,171

Bit Synchronization,173

Power Spectra for Multilevel Polar NRZ Signals,176

Spectral Efficiency,179

3-6 Intersymbol Interference180

Nyquist's First Method(Zero ISI),182

Raised Cosine-Rolloff Nyquist Filtering,183

Nyquist's Second and Third Methods for Control of ISI,188

3-7 Differential Pulse Code Modulation188

3-8 Delta Modulation192

Granular Noise and Slope Overload Noise,194

Adaptive Delta Modulation and Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation,197

3-9 Time-Division Multiplexing199

Speech Coding,199

Frame Synchronization,200

Synchronous and Asynchronous Lines,202

TDM Hierarchy,206

The T1 PCM System,211

3-10 Packet Transmission System213

3-11 Pulse Time Modulation:Pulse Width Modulation and Pulse Position Modulation213

3-12 Summary215

3-13 Study-Aid Examples218

Problems221

4-1 Complex Envelope Representation of Bandpass Waveforms230

4 BANDPASS SIGNALING PRINCIPLES AND CIRCUITS230

Definitions:Baseband,Bandpass,and Modulation,231

Complex Envelope Representation,231

4-2 Representation of Modulated Signals233

4-3 Spectrum of Bandpass Signals234

4-4 Evaluation ot Power237

4-5 Bandpass Filtering and Linear Distortion240

Equivalent Low-Pass Filter,240

Linear Distortion,242

4-6 Bandpass Sampling Theorem244

4-7 Received Signal Plus Noise245

Filters,246

4-8 Classification of Filters and Amplifiers246

Amplifiers,250

4-9 Nonlinear Distortion251

4-10 Limiters256

4-11 Mixers,Up Converters,and Down Converters257

4-12 Frequency Multipliers263

4-13 Detector Circuits265

Envelope Detector,265

Product Detector,266

Frequency Modulation Detector,268

4-14 Phase-Locked Loops and Frequency Synthesizers273

Generalized Transmitters,281

4-15 Direct Digital Synthesis281

4-16 Transmitters and Receivers281

Generalized Receiver:The Superheterodyne Receiver,283

Zero-IF Receivers,287

Interference,288

4-17 Software Radios288

4-18 Summary289

4-19 Study-Aid Examples289

Problems295

5 AM,FM,AND DIGITAL MODULATED SYSTEMS302

5-1 Amplitude Modulation303

5-2 AM Broadcast Technical Standards308

5-3 Double-Sideband Suppressed Carrier309

5-4 Costas Loop and Squaring Loop310

5-5 Asymmetric Sideband Signals312

Single Sideband,312

Vestigial Sideband,316

5-6 Phase Modulation and Frequency Modulation318

Representation of PM and FM signals,318

Spectra of Angle-Modulated Signals,323

Narrowband Angle Modulation,328

Wideband Frequency Modulation,329

5-7 Frequency-Division Multiplexing and FM Stereo333

Preemphasis and Deemphasis in Angle-Modulated Systems,333

5-8 FM Broadcast Technical Standards337

5-9 Binary Modulated Bandpass Signaling337

On-OffKeying(OOK),340

Binary-Phase-Shift Keying(BPSK),343

DifferentialPhase-Shift Keying(DPSK),344

Frequency-Shift Keying(FSK),345

5-10 Multilevel Modulated Bandpass Signaling352

Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying(QPSK)and M-ary Phase-Shift Keying(MPSK),352

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM),355

OQPSK and π/4 QPSK,356

PSDforMPSK,QAM,QPSK,OQPSK and π／4 QPSK357

Spectral Efficiencyfor MPSK,QAM,QPSK,OQPSK,andπ／4 QPSK with Raised Cosine Filtering359

5-11 Minimum-Shift Keying(MSK)and GMSK360

5-12 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)365

5-13 Spread Spectrum Systems370

Direct Sequence,371

Frequency Hopping,377

5-14 Summary377

5-15 Study-Aid Examples379

Problems382

6 RANDOM PROCESSES AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS395

Random Processes,396

6-1 Some Basic Deftnitions396

Stationarity and Ergodicity,397

Correlation Functions and Wide-Sense Stationarity,401

Complex Random Processes,403

6-2 Power Spectral Density405

Definition,405

Wiener-Khintchine Theorem,406

Properties of the PSD,409

General Formulaforthe PSD of Digital Signals,413

White Noise Processes,416

Measurement of PSD,417

6-3 Dc and Rms Values for Ergodic Random Processes418

6-4 Linear Systems420

Input-Output Relationships,420

6-5 Bandwidth Measures425

Equivalent Bandwidth,425

Rms Bandwidth,425

6-6 The Gaussian Random Process427

Properties of Gaussian Processes,428

6-7 Bandpass Processes431

Bandpass Representations,431

Properties of WSS Bandpass Processes,435

Proofs of Some Properties,439

General Results,445

6-8 Matched Filters445

Results for White Noise,447

Correlation Processing,450

Transversal Matched Filter,452

6-9 Summary455

6-10 Appendix:Proof of Schwarz's Inequality457

6-11 Study-Aid Examples459

Problems462

7 PERFORMANCE OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CORRUPTED BY NOISE472

General Results,473

7-1 Error Probabilities for Binary Signaling473

Results for Gaussian Noise,475

Results for White Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception,477

Results for Colored Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception,478

7-2 Performance of Baseband Binary Systems479

Unipolar Signaling,479

Polar Signaling,482

Bipolar Signaling,482

7-3 Coherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals484

On-Off Keying,484

Binary-Phase-Shift Keying,486

Frequency-Shift Keying,487

7-4 Noncoherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals490

On-Off Keying,490

Frequency-Shift Keying,494

Differential Phase-Shift Keying,496

7-5 Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying and Minimum-Shift Keying498

7-6 Comparison of Digital Signaling Systems500

Bit Error Rate and Bandwidth,500

Symbol Error and Bit Errorfor Multilevel Signaling,502

Synchronization,503

7-7 Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio for PCM Systems504

Comparison with Baseband Systems,510

7-8 Output Signal-to-Noise Ratios for Analog Systems510

AM Systems with Product Detection,511

AM Systems with Envelope Detection,513

DSB-SC Systems,514

SSB Systems,515

PM Systems,515

FM Systems,519

FM Systems with Threshold Extension,522

FM Systems with Deemphasis,524

7-9 Comparison of Analog Signaling Systems527

Ideal System Performance,527

7-11 Study-Aid Examples530

7-10 Summary530

Problems539

8 WIRE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS547

8-1 The Explosive Growth of Telecommunications547

8-2 Telephone Systems548

Historical Basis,548

Modem Telephone Systems and Remote Terminals,549

8-3 Digital Subscriber Lines(DSL)555

G.DMT and G.Lite Digital Subscriber Lines,556

Video On Demand(VOD),558

Integrated Service Digital Network(ISDN),558

8-5 Satellite Communication Systems561

8-4 Capacities of Public Switched Telephone Networks561

Digital and Analog Television Transmission,565

Data and Telephone Signal Multiple Access,567

Personal Communications via Satellite,573

8-6 Link Budget Analysis575

Signal Power Received,575

Thermal Noise Sources,577

Characterization of Noise Sources,578

Noise Characterization of Linear Devices,579

Noise Characterization of Cascaded Linear Devices,585

Link Budget Evaluation,587

Eb/No Link Budget for Digital Systems,589

Path Loss for Urban Wireless Environments,590

8-7 Fiber Optic Systems594

8-8 Cellular Telephone Systems598

First Generation(1G)-The AMPS Analog System,599

Second Generation(2G)-The Digital Systems,602

The 1,900-MHzBand PCS Systems,605

Third Generation(3G)Systems,605

8-9 Television606

Black-and-White Television,606

Color Television,613

MTS Stereo Sound,613

Standards for TVand CATV Systems,618

Digital TV(DTV),622

8-10 Summary627

8-11 Study-Aid Examples628

Problems632

APPENDIX A MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES,IDENTITIES,AND TABLES639

A-1 Trigonometry and Complex Numbers639

Definitions,639

Trigonometric Identities,639

Derivative Table,640

Differentiation Rules,640

Definition,640

A-2 Difierential Calculus640

A-3 Indeterminate Forms641

A-4 Integral Calculus641

Definition,641

Integration Techniques,642

A-5 Integral Tables642

Indefinite Integrals,642

Definite Integrals,643

Finite Series,644

Infinite Series,644

A-6 Series Expansions644

A-7 Hilbert Transform Pairs645

A-8 The Dirac Delta Function645

Properties of Dirac Delta Function,646

A-9 Tabulation of Sa(x)=(sin x)／x647

A-10 Tabulation of Q(z)648

APPENDIX B PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLES650

B-1 Introduction650

B-2 Sets651

B-3 Probability and Relative Frequency652

SimpleProbability,652

Joint Probability,653

Conditional Probabilities,654

B-4 Random Variables655

B-5 Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Density Functions655

Properties of CDFs and PDFs,658

Discrete and Continuous Distributions,658

B-6 Ensemble Average and Moments662

Ensemble Average,662

Moments,663

B-7 Examples of Important Distributions665

Binomial Distribution,665

Gaussian Distribution,668

Uniform Distribution,668

Poisson Distribution,668

Sinusoidal Distribution,673

B-8 Functional Transformations of Random Variables673

B-9 Multivariate Statistics678

Multivariate CDFs and PDFs,678

Bivariate Statistics,680

Gaussian Bivariate Distribution,681

Multivariate Functional Transformation,682

Central LimitTheorem,684

Problems686

ASCII,692

Baudot,692

APPENDIX C STANDARDS AND TERMINOLOGY FOR COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS692

C-1 Codes692

C-2 DTE/DCE and Ethernet Interface Standards693

Universal Seriai Bus(USB),695

RS-232D,RS-422A,RS-449,and RS-530 Interfaces,695

Centronics Parallel Interface,696

IEEE-488 Parallel Interface,697

Ethernet(IEEE 802.3)Interface,698

C-3 The ISO OSI Network Model700

TCP/IP,703

SDLC,703

C-4 Data Link Control Protocols703

HDLC,704

CCITT X.25 Protocol,704

Asynchronous TransferMode(ATM),705

C-5 Modem Standards706

APPENDIX D USING MATLAB712

D-1 Quick Start for Running M-Files713

D-2 Programming in MATLAB714

REFERENCES716

ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS729

INDEX735