WTO法律规则 英文版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Chapter One Theoretical Basis of the WTO1

1.1 The Theory of Comparative Advantage1

1.1.1 Basics of the Theory1

1.1.2 Historical Overview3

1.1.3 David Ricardo’s Numerical Example4

1.1.4 The Ricardian Model — Assumptions and Results6

1.2 The Theory of Market Economy8

1.2.1 Spontaneous Order or “Invisible Hand”9

1.2.2 Free Market Economy10

1.2.3 Government Intervention13

1.2.4 Criticism of Market Economy14

1.3 The Theory of Sustainable Development15

1.3.1 Scope and Defiinitions16

1.3.2 History of Sustainable Development as a Policy Concept19

1.3.3 The Earth Summit and Environmental Sustainability22

1.3.4 WTO and Sustainable Development25

CASE STUDY28

CS 1.1 True Meaning and Intuition of the Theory of ComparativeAdvantage28

CS 1.2 China’s Market Economy Status （MES）31

Chapter Two Development of the WTO37

2.1 Basics of the WTO37

2.1.1The WTO in Brief37

2.1.2 The Multilateral Trading System38

2.1.3 The GATT Years: from Havana to Marrakesh39

2.2 Development of the WTO43

2.2.1 The 1947 GATT Agreement45

2.2.2 GATT Multilateral Trade Negotiation Meetings49

2.2.3 Uruguay Round and the World Trade Organization51

2.3 The Organization of the WTO54

2.3.1 Introduction to WTO Organization54

2.3.2 WTO Organization Chart58

2.3.3 Membership, Alliances and Bureaucracy59

2.3.4 The Secretariat Chart63

2.3.5 Special Policies64

2.4 China and WTO67

2.4.1 China’s WTO Entry67

2.4.2 The Right-and-Duty Balance in the WTO75

CASE STUDY77

CS 2.1 Doha Development Round77

Chapter Three Basic Principles of the WTO82

3.1 Reciprocity82

3.1.1 Two Folds of Reciprocity83

3.1.2 WTO Rules of Reciprocity83

3.1.3 Theoretical Interpretation of Reciprocity84

3.2 Non-discrimination85

3.2.1 Most-favoured-nation （MFN）85

3.2.2 National Treatment :Treating Foreigners and Locals Equally94

3.3 Liberalization of Trade97

3.3.1 Liberalization for Goods98

3.3.2 Liberalization for Services102

3.3.3 Limits to Liberalization106

3.4 Transparency108

3.4.1 Introduction to Transparency108

3.4.2 Publication and Administration of Trade Regulations108

3.4.3 Transparency Rules for GATS110

3.4.4 Transparency Rules for TRIPS110

3.4.5 Trade Policy Review Mechanism （ “TPRM” ）111

CASE STUDY111

CS 3.1 MFN Exception: Promotion of RegionalIntergration-Custom Unions111

CS 3.2 National Treatment112

Chapter Four Trade in Goods114

4.1 Basics of Trade in Goods114

4.1.1 GATT 1994114

4.1.2 Interpretation of GATT 1994 Articles117

4.1.3 Basic Principles of the GATT 1947/1994118

4.2 Tariff Concessions130

4.2.1 Tariffs: More Bindings and Closer to Zero130

4.2.2 Tariff Cuts130

4.2.3 More Bindings131

4.2.4 Tariffs and Agriculture131

4.3 Non-tariff Measures132

4.3.1 Standards and Safety132

4.3.2 Import Licensing: Keeping Procedures Clear134

4.3.3 Rules for the Naluation of Goods at Customs135

4.3.4 Preshipment Inspection: a Further Check on Imports135

4.3.5 Rules of Origin136

4.3.6 Investment Measures: Reducing Trade Distortions137

4.4 Trade in Specific Products138

4.4.1 Textiles and Clothing138

4.4.2 Information Technology Agreement140

CASE STUDY142

CS 4.1 Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures142

CS 4.2 Safeguard143

Chapter Five Agriculture Agreement146

5.1 Basics of Trade in Agriculture146

5.1.1 New Rules147

5.1.2 Market Access147

5.1.3 Domestic Support148

5.1.4 Export Subsidies: Limits on Spending and Quantities149

5.1.5 The Least-developed and Those Depending on Food Imports150

5.2 Understanding the Agriculture Agreement150

5.2.1 Introduction150

5.2.2 Market Access155

5.2.3 Domestic Support159

5.2.4 Export Competition/Subsidies165

5.2.5 Other Issues168

5.2.6 Net Food-Importing Developing Countries170

5.2.7 Summary171

5.3 The Agriculture Negotiations174

5.3.1 The Doha Mandate174

5.3.2 The Current Negotiations175

CASE STUDY179

CS 5.1 Japan — Import Quotas on Dried Laver and SeasonedLaver （DS323）179

CS 5.2 European Communities — Protection of Trademarksand Geographical Indications for AgriculturalProducts and Foodstuffs （DS174, 290）180

Chapter Six Trade Remedy Measures184

6.1 Safeguards187

6.1.1 Safeguards: Emergency Actions for Imports of Particular Products187

6.1.2 Conditions to Apply Safeguards189

6.1.3 Summary of Safeguards193

6.2 Subsidies and Countervailing Duties194

6.2.1 Article ⅩⅥ Subsidies194

6.2.2 Types of Subsidies195

6.2.3 GATT — Subsidies and Countervailing Duties197

6.2.4 Countervailing Measures200

6.2.5 Summary201

6.3 Anti-Dumping and Anti-Dumping Duties202

6.3.1 Article Ⅵ Anti-Dumping and Anti-Dumping Duties202

6.3.2 Determination of Dumping206

6.3.3 Summary on Dumping and Anti-Dumping Measures214

6.4 Escape Clauses: General and Security214

6.4.1 Article ⅩⅩ : General214

6.4.2 Article ⅩⅪ: Securiry215

CASE STUDY216

CS 6.1 Anti-Dumping — Like Product216

CS 6.2 Escape Clause217

Chapter Seven Trade in Services219

7.1 Basics of Trade in Services219

7.1.1 Definition of Trade in Services219

7.1.2 Main Purpose of the GATS221

7.1.3 Basic Principles221

7.1.4 GATS Annexes222

7.2 Understanding the GATS223

7.2.1 A Summary of GATS223

7.2.2 Liberalization of Trade in Services227

7.2.3 Structure of the GATS230

7.2.4 Legal Rules of GATS231

7.3 Trade in Financial Services244

7.3.1 Decision on Financial Services244

7.3.2 Understanding on Commitments in Financial Services245

CASE STUDY250

CS 7.1 The United States — Measures Affecting the Cross-BorderSupply of Gambling and Betting Services （WT/DS285）250

CS 7.2 Canada — Certain Measures Concerning Periodicals （DS31）255

Chapter Eight Intellectual Property Rights256

8.1 Basics of Intellectual Property Rights256

8.1.1 Defiinition of Intellectual Property Rights256

8.1.2 Acquitisition of Intellectual Property Rights257

8.1.3 Transfer of Intellectual Property259

8.1.4 Licensing Agreement262

8.2 The TRIPS Agreement267

8.2.1 Main Features of the Agreement267

8.2.2 Certain General Provisions268

8.2.3 Geographical Indications270

8.3 Standards of Protection274

8.3.1 Copyright and Related Rights274

8.3.2 Trademarks278

8.3.3 Geographical Indications279

8.3.4 Industrial Designs281

8.3.5 Patents282

8.3.6 Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits283

8.3.7 Protection of Undisclosed Information284

8.3.8 Control of Anti-Competitive Practices in Contractual Licences285

8.4 International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights286

8.4.1 International Institutions286

8.4.2 Bilateral Agreements287

8.4.3 Multilateral Comprehensive Conventions288

8.4.4 TRIPS Agreement291

CASE STUDY295

CS 8.1 India — Patent Protection for Pharmaceutical andAgricultural Chemical Products （DS50）295

CS 8.2 European Communities —Protection of Trademarks andGeographical Indications for Agricultural Products andFoodstuffs （WT/DS174, 290）296

Chapter Nine Other New Issues of the WTO301

9.1 Trade and Environment301

9.1.1 Trade and Environment in the WTO301

9.1.2 WTO Rules and Environmental Policies304

9.1.3 Related Work in the WTO317

9.1.4 Trade and Climate Change319

9.2 Labor Standards and the WTO320

9.2.1 Introduction320

9.2.2 Definition and Scope of Labor Standards321

9.2.3 Effects of Labor Standard321

9.2.4 An Alternative Route326

9.2.5 Conclusions328

9.3 Trade and Competition Policy329

9.3.1 Interaction Between Trade and Competition Policy329

9.3.2 Investment and Competition329

9.3.3 Working Group on the Interaction Between Trade andCompetition Policy （WGTCP）330

CASE STUDY331

CS 9.1 The Tuna-Dolphin Dispute331

CS 9.2 The United States — Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp andShrimp Products334

Chapter Ten Procedural Rules of the WTO338

10.1 Decision-Making Mechanism338

10.1.1 Decision-Making: Article Ⅸ of the WTO Agreement338

10.1.2 Amendments: Article X of the WTO Agreements339

10.1.3 Accession to the WTO and Non-Application: Article Ⅻ andArticleⅩⅢ342

10.1.4 The WTO in Global Economic Policy-Making343

10.2 Trade Policy Review343

10.2.1 General Introduction343

10.2.2 Trade Policy Reviews and Transparency349

10.2.3 Trade Policy Review Mechanism351

10.3 Dispute Settlement Mechanism354

10.3.1 Introduction to the DSM of the WTO354

10.3.2 Practices of Dispute Settlement356

10.3.3 The Panel Process359

10.3.4 More about the Dispute Settlement Procedure361

CASE STUDY363

CS10.1 WTO Step by Step in the Settling of Disputes363

CS 10.2 The U.S.and Venezuela Case — Timetable in Practice366

CS 10.3 An Example of Dispute Settlement Documents367

Annex Ⅰ Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization371

Annex Ⅱ Protocol on the Accession of the People’s Republic of China387

Bibliography403