Trends In Nursing History Their Relationship To World Events Second EditionPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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PART Ⅰ．ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS (Circa 5000 B．C．－500 A．D．)1

Introduction:Our Changing World1

Chapter Ⅰ Life among Primitive Peoples5

Summary14

Topics for Discussion15

References15

Chapter Ⅱ Migration of Tribes17

Egypt17

The Fertile Crescent27

Babylonia28

Assyria32

Palestine43

The Far East43

India44

China51

Greece57

Epidauros，a Temple of Asklepios62

Greek Women71

Rome75

Roman Women82

Persia85

The Far West86

Temples88

Summary of Conditions al 1 A．D91

Topics for Discussion93

References98

Chapter Ⅲ The Birth of Christ in Bethlehem (1－500 A．D．)100

Christ，the Redeemer101

Saul of Tarsus106

Early Christian Orders for Women109

Influence of Constantine the Great115

Roman Matrons119

Diakonia and Xenodochia122

Status of Medicine and Nursing127

The Fall of Rome in 476 A．D132

Summary，1 to 500 A．D136

Graph showing Medicine and Nursing of Ancient Civilizations140

Topics for Discussion141

References142

PART Ⅱ．THE MIDDLE AGES (Circa 500－1500 A．D．)144

Chapter Ⅳ The Early Middle Ages:Society in Small Cooperative Units144

Christian Monasticism147

Women of Monasticism156

Feudalism and Chivalry160

Guilds164

Islam，a Rival of Christianity167

Charlemagne Promotes Social Recovery through Education177

Medicine and Nursing179

Summary of Early Middle Ages182

Topics for Discussion184

References185

Chapter Ⅴ The Late Middle Ages:Society Becoming Mobile;Detachment of Individuals187

William the Conqueror192

The Crusades (1096－1271)193

Orders of Military Nurses196

Rise of Mendicant Orders202

The Second Order of St．Francis207

Rise of Secular Orders:The Third Order of St．Francis208

Gains and Losses of the Crusaders214

Social Changes Associated with the Crusades215

Chivalry Influences the Position of Women218

Great Plagues of the Fourteenth Century221

St．Catherine of Siena:Hospital Nurse and Visiting Nurse225

Medicine during the Late Middle Ages229

Growth of Hospitals235

Nursing during the Middle Ages240

Summary of the Middle Ages246

Graph showing Nursing of the Middle Ages249

Topics for Discussion250

References251

PART Ⅲ．THE MODERN ERA (Circa 1500－) SCIENTIFIC，ECONOMIC，AND SOCIAL EVOLUTION253

Chapter Ⅵ Renaissance，Protestant Revolt，and a Decline in Nursing (1500-1860)253

The Renaissance253

The Protestant Revolt262

Transfer of European Culture to America263

Medicine of the Renaissance267

Public Health Movement:Era of Sanitation277

Women of the Renaissance279

A Decline in Nursing290

Summary，1500 to 1860297

Topics for Discussion298

References300

Chapter Ⅶ Early Hospitals and Nursing in America301

New Spain301

New France307

New England319

Summary333

Topics for Discussion337

References338

Chapter Ⅷ Sporadic Efforts at Social Reform340

Ⅰ．Catholic Reform340

Ⅱ．Protestant Reform348

The Fliedners at Kaiserwerth361

Florence Nightingale:Reformer of Hospitals and Nursing373

Summary397

Topics for Discussion399

References400

Chapter Ⅸ Modern Development of Social Agencies (1860-1893)401

Reform in Nursing401

Modern District Nursing406

Workhouse Infirmary Reform408

Birth of the Red Cross in 1864410

Nursing in the American Civil War (1861-5)414

Founding of American Red Cross Society (1882)424

Reform of Nursing in America425

Other Evidence of Social Reform445

The New Nurse448

Medicine Enters a Revolutionary Period (1860－1893)450

Summary，1860 to 1893456

Topics for Discussion458

References460

Chapter Ⅹ Group Consciousness Develops with Growth of Schools (1893－1920)461

Nursing during the World War of 1914－1918483

Post-War Reconstruction493

General Trend in Nursing from 1893 to 1920496

Changing Aims in Medicine498

Summary (1893－1920)503

Topics for Discussion507

References508

Chapter Ⅺ Raising the Level of Nursing Education (1920－1935)509

The Rockefeller Survey (1920－1923)509

A Comparative Study of Nursing Schools (1926－1934)514

A Critical Survey of Medical Practice (1927－1932)527

Summary，1920－1935529

Topics for Discussion531

References531

Chapter Ⅻ Adjusting to Rapid Social Change533

Legislation Controlling Nursing Practice533

The Social Security Act of 1935534

Putting the Act into Effect535

Stabilizing Trends in Hospitals537

World War Ⅱ (1939－)538

Graph showing Nursing of the Modern Era550

Summary，1935 to the present time551

Topics for Discussion553

References553

Chapter ⅩⅢ International Relationships554

Graph showing General World-Pattern of Nursing555

France558

Germany562

Belgium569

Countries of Northern Europe572

Italy575

Greece and Palestine575

Oriental Countries577

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics583

Mexico585

South American Republics591

Congresses of the International Council of Nursing593

Florence Nightingale International Foundation597

Summary602

Topics for Discussion604

References604

Chapter ⅩⅣ Nursing Economics607

Topics for Discussion620

References621

Chapter ⅩⅤ The Nurse as a Citizen622

Index625