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1 Introduction to Computer Networks1

Introduction1

1．1 Network Models2

1．2 Network Components3

1．3 Network Topology4

1．4 Types of Networks8

Summary10

Review Questions11

Introduction15

2 Introduction to Data Communication15

2．1 Characteristics of Analog Signals16

2．2 Digital Signals17

2．3 Binary Numbers18

2．4 Coding Schemes19

2．5 Transmission Modes20

2．6 Transmission Methods23

2．7 Commununication Modes24

2．8 Bandwidth and Signal Transmission25

2．9 Digital Signal Encoding26

20．3 Types of ATM Connection27

2．10 Error Detection Methods28

Summary34

Review Questions36

3 Introduction to Computer Architecture41

Introduction41

3．1 Components of a Microcomputer41

3．2 Memory Hierarchy48

3．3 Disk Controller49

3．4 Microcomputer Bus50

3．5 Plug-and-Play52

3．6 Universal Serial Bus53

3．7 Intel Microprocessor Family54

Summary55

Review Questions56

4 Standards Organizations and OSI Model59

Introduction59

4．1 Communication Protocols60

4．2 Open System Interconnection Model61

4．3 Frame Transmission Methods65

4．4 Error and Flow Control67

4．5 IEEE 802 Standard Committee70

Summary73

Review Questions75

5 Communication Channels and Media79

Introduction79

5．1 Conductive Media79

5．2 Fiber-Optic Cable81

5．3 Wireless Transmission84

Summary86

Review Questions87

6 Multipiexers and Switching Concepts89

Introduction89

6．1 Types of Multiplexers90

6．3 Digitizing the Voice92

6．2 Telephone System Operation92

6．4 T1 Link93

6．5 Switching Concepts94

Summary97

Review Questions98

7 Modem,DSL,Cable Modem,and ISDN101

Introduction101

7．1 Modem101

7．2 Digital Subscriber Line108

7．3 Cable Modem110

7．4 Integrated Services Digital Network114

Summary118

Review Questions120

8 Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 Networking Technology123

Introduction123

8．1 Ethernet Operation123

8．2 IEEE 802.3 Frame Format124

8．3 Ethernet Characteristics127

8．4 Ethernet Cabling and Components127

Summary132

Review Questions133

9 Token Ring and Token Bus Networking Technology137

Introduction137

9．1 Token Ring Operation138

9．2 Physical Connections139

9．3 Ring Management140

9．4 Token Frame Format141

9．5 IEEE 802.5 Frame Format142

9．6 Token Ring NIC and Cable Specifications144

9．7 Token Bus（IEEE 802.4）145

Summary146

Review Questions147

10 Fast Ethernet Networking Technology149

Introduction149

10．1 Fast Ethernet149

10．2 Fast Ethernet Media Types150

10．3 Fast Ethernet Repeaters153

10．4 Fast Ethernet Network Diameter154

10．5 Expanding Fast Ethernet156

Summary156

Review Questions157

Introduction159

11 100VG-AnyLAN Networking Technology159

11．1 End Node Operation160

11．2 Repeater and Access Method161

11．3 100 VG-AnyLAN Transmission Media162

11．4 Frame Transmission Method162

11．5 100 VG-AnyLAN Frame Format163

Summary165

Review Questions166

12．1 Ethernet LAN Switching169

12 Local Area Network Switching169

Introduction169

12．3 Switch Operations171

12．2 Switch Classifications171

12．4 Switcy Architecture172

12．5 Virtual LAN173

12．6 Firewall174

Summary177

Review Questions178

13 Gigabit Ethernet Networking Technology181

Introduction181

13．1 Gigabit Ethernet Standards182

13．2 Characteristics of Gigabit Ethernet182

13．3 Gigabit Ethernet Protocol Architecture182

13．4 MAC and Physical Layer Architecture185

13．5 Buffered Distributor Device186

13．6 Gigabit Ethernet Applications186

Review Questions189

Summary189

14 LAN Interconnection Devices193

Introduction193

14．1 Repeaters193

14．2 Bridges194

14．3 Routers195

14．4 Gateways197

14．5 CSU/DSU197

Summary198

Review Questions199

Introduction201

15 Wireless Local Area Networks（WLAN）201

15．1 Wireless LAN Topology201

15．2 Wireless LAN Technology203

15．3 WLAN Standard （IEEE802.11）205

15．4 Characteristics of WLANs209

Summary210

Review Questions210

16 Fiber Distributed Data Interface213

Introduction213

16．1FDDI Technology213

16．2 FDDI Layered Architecture214

16．3 FDDI Ports216

16．4 FDDI Access Method217

16．5 FDDI Fault Tolerance217

16．6 FDDI Bit Transmission218

16．7 FDDI Frame and Token Formats219

16．8 FDDI Backbone219

Summary219

Review Questions221

17 Synchronous Optical Network（SONET）223

Introduction223

17．1 Characteristics of SONET223

17．2 SONET Componets224

17．3 SONET Signal Rates225

17．4 SONET Frame Format225

17．5 SONET Multiplexing226

17．6 Virtual Tributaries227

Summary228

Review Questions229

Introduction233

18 Frame Relay233

18．1 Frame Relay Network234

18．2 Componets of Frame Relay234

18．3 Frame Relay Frame Format235

18．4 Frame Relay Operation236

Summary238

Review Questions238

19 Internet Architecture and TCP/IP241

Introduction242

19．1The Internet Architecture Board（IAB）245

19．2 TCP/IP Reference Model245

19．3 TCP/IP Application Level246

19．4 Transport Level Protocols:UDP and TCP248

19．5 Internet Level Protocols:IP and ARP251

19．6 Ipv4 Addressing256

19．7 Assigning IP Addresses258

19．8 Point-to-Point Protocol260

19．9 Demultiplexing Information261

19．10 TCP Connection and Disconnection261

19．11 Internet Protocol Version 6（Ipv6）263

19．12 Internet II267

Summary267

Review Questions269

20 Asynchronous Transfer Mode275

Introduction276

20．1 ATM Netowrk Componets and Characteristics276

20．2 ATM Forum277

20．4 ATM Switch Operation278

20．5 ATM Switch Architecture279

20．6 ATM Connection Setup Through ATM Signaling280

20．7ATM Cell Format280

20．8 ATM Protocol282

20．9 Types of Adaptation Layers285

20．10 Comparing ATM with Gigabit Ethernet289

Summary289

Review Questions290

21 Network Operating System295

Introduction295

21．1 BIOS and DOS295

21．2 NetBIOS and NOS296

21．3 Windows NT:New Technology296

21．4 Novell NetWare Operating System299

Summary300

Review Questions301

Appendix A:Computer and Communication Connectors305

Answers to Odd-Numbered Questions313

Acronyms331

Index339